The Nature and Effects of Messages That Women Receive From Probation and Parole Agents in Conversations About Employment

Ariel L. Roddy, Merry Morash, Elizabeth A. Adams, Amanda J. Holmstrom, Sandi W. Smith, Jennifer E. Cobbina

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Using semistructured interviews with 388 women under supervision, this study integrates criminal justice and communication theories by investigating gender responsivity and type of support in messages women receive about employment from supervision agents. Informational support was the most frequent form of supportive communication clients received from their agents, and was the only type of supportive communication clients perceived negatively. Women recalled agents’ messages that varied in their sensitivity to the range of women offenders’ needs (child and family care demands, human capital attainment, mental health issues, and substance abuse recovery). Supportive messages that took into account a variety of problems commonly shared by women on probation and parole had positive effects, whereas supportive messages that were relevant to employment, but failed to consider other needs, had negative effects. Results of this work have implications regarding effective support offered by community supervision agents as they discuss employment.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)550-567
Number of pages18
JournalCriminal Justice and Behavior
Volume46
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • communication
  • employment
  • female offenders
  • parole and probation
  • responsivity
  • social support

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pathology and Forensic Medicine
  • General Psychology
  • Law

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