TY - JOUR
T1 - The Global Ecosystems Monitoring network
T2 - Monitoring ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling across the tropics
AU - Malhi, Yadvinder
AU - Girardin, Cécile
AU - Metcalfe, Daniel B.
AU - Doughty, Christopher E.
AU - Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.
AU - Rifai, Sami W.
AU - Oliveras, Immaculada
AU - Shenkin, Alexander
AU - Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesus
AU - Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L.
AU - Riutta, Terhi
AU - Berenguer, Erika
AU - Moore, Sam
AU - Huasco, Walter Huaraca
AU - Salinas, Norma
AU - da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola
AU - Bentley, Lisa Patrick
AU - Adu-Bredu, Stephen
AU - Marthews, Toby R.
AU - Meir, Patrick
AU - Phillips, Oliver L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The core establishment of the GEM network has been supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation , and European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant GEM-TRAIT ( 321131 ). Site development in individual locations have been supported by multiple grants from the UK Natural Environment Research Council , in particular NE/D014174/1 , NE/J023418/1 , NE/I014705/1 , NE/K016369/1 , NE/K016385/1 , NE/F005776/1 , NE/N012453/1 , NE/P001092/1 and NE/S01084X/1 . Activities in Africa have been additionally supported by Royal Society-Leverhulme and Royal Society-DFID Africa Capacity Building Awards . Work in Malaysia has been greatly supported by the Sime Darby Foundation . YM is supported by the Jackson Foundation .
Funding Information:
The core establishment of the GEM network has been supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant GEM-TRAIT (321131). Site development in individual locations have been supported by multiple grants from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, in particular NE/D014174/1, NE/J023418/1, NE/I014705/1, NE/K016369/1, NE/K016385/1, NE/F005776/1, NE/N012453/1, NE/P001092/1 and NE/S01084X/1. Activities in Africa have been additionally supported by Royal Society-Leverhulme and Royal Society-DFID Africa Capacity Building Awards. Work in Malaysia has been greatly supported by the Sime Darby Foundation. YM is supported by the Jackson Foundation.
Funding Information:
The creation and management of a global observation network inevitably generates a number of management and logistical challenges. There has been a need to support central coordination, management and data cleaning, in addition to field data collection. The central coordination activities of GEM were supported by a number of funding initiatives, notably from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (2008–2012) over the initial phase of developing a standardised network over the Amazon-Andes, from the European Research Council (2013–2018) that supported development and integration into a global network and the advance of the traits data collection, and from the Natural Environment Research Council (2016–2020) to continue this collection, analysis and databasing in the wake of the 2015/16 El Niño event. Both carbon cycle and traits data are stored in a dedicated GEM database {Shenkin, 2017 #640}, and made freely available to all users, subject to fair use agreements that acknowledge and protect the prior publication rights of data collectors and data providers ([DOI to be inserted in final proof]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - A rich understanding of the productivity, carbon and nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems is essential in the context of understanding, modelling and managing the future response of the biosphere to global change. This need is particularly acute in tropical ecosystems, home to over 60% of global terrestrial productivity, over half of planetary biodiversity, and hotspots of anthropogenic pressure. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in collecting data on the carbon cycle, productivity, and plant functional traits of tropical ecosystems, most intensively through the Global Ecosystems Monitoring network (GEM). The GEM approach provides valuable insights by linking field-based ecosystem ecology with the needs of Earth system science. In this paper, we review and synthesize the context, history and recent scientific output from the GEM network. Key insights have emerged on the spatial and temporal variability of ecosystem productivity and on the role of temperature and drought stress on ecosystem function and resilience. New work across the network is now linking carbon cycling to nutrient cycling and plant functional traits, and subsequently to airborne remote sensing. We discuss some of the novel emerging patterns and practical and methodological challenges of this approach, and examine current and possible future directions, both within this network and as lessons for a more general terrestrial ecosystem observation scheme.
AB - A rich understanding of the productivity, carbon and nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems is essential in the context of understanding, modelling and managing the future response of the biosphere to global change. This need is particularly acute in tropical ecosystems, home to over 60% of global terrestrial productivity, over half of planetary biodiversity, and hotspots of anthropogenic pressure. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in collecting data on the carbon cycle, productivity, and plant functional traits of tropical ecosystems, most intensively through the Global Ecosystems Monitoring network (GEM). The GEM approach provides valuable insights by linking field-based ecosystem ecology with the needs of Earth system science. In this paper, we review and synthesize the context, history and recent scientific output from the GEM network. Key insights have emerged on the spatial and temporal variability of ecosystem productivity and on the role of temperature and drought stress on ecosystem function and resilience. New work across the network is now linking carbon cycling to nutrient cycling and plant functional traits, and subsequently to airborne remote sensing. We discuss some of the novel emerging patterns and practical and methodological challenges of this approach, and examine current and possible future directions, both within this network and as lessons for a more general terrestrial ecosystem observation scheme.
KW - Allocation
KW - Carbon cycle
KW - Monitoring
KW - Net primary productivity
KW - Traits
KW - Tropical forests
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098985127&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85098985127&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108889
DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108889
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098985127
SN - 0006-3207
VL - 253
JO - Biological Conservation
JF - Biological Conservation
M1 - 108889
ER -