TY - JOUR
T1 - The genome of Nectria haematococca
T2 - Contribution of supernumerary chromosomes to gene expansion
AU - Coleman, Jeffrey J.
AU - Rounsley, Steve D.
AU - Rodriguez-Carres, Marianela
AU - Kuo, Alan
AU - Wasmann, Catherine C.
AU - Grimwood, Jane
AU - Schmutz, Jeremy
AU - Taga, Masatoki
AU - White, Gerard J.
AU - Zhou, Shiguo
AU - Schwartz, David C.
AU - Freitag, Michael
AU - Ma, Li Jun
AU - Danchin, Etienne G.J.
AU - Henrissat, Bernard
AU - Coutinho, Pedro M.
AU - Nelson, David R.
AU - Straney, Dave
AU - Napoli, Carolyn A.
AU - Barker, Bridget M.
AU - Gribskov, Michael
AU - Rep, Martijn
AU - Kroken, Scott
AU - Molnár, István
AU - Rensing, Christopher
AU - Kennell, John C.
AU - Zamora, Jorge
AU - Farman, Mark L.
AU - Selker, Eric U.
AU - Salamov, Asaf
AU - Shapiro, Harris
AU - Pangilinan, Jasmyn
AU - Lindquist, Erika
AU - Lamers, Casey
AU - Grigoriev, Igor V.
AU - Geiser, David M.
AU - Covert, Sarah F.
AU - Temporini, Esteban
AU - Vanetten, Hans D.
PY - 2009/8
Y1 - 2009/8
N2 - The ascomycetous fungus Nectria haematococca, (asexual name Fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "Fusarium solani species complex". Members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. The current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, N. haematococca mating population VI (MPVI). Several genes controlling the ability of individual isolates of this species to colonize specific habitats are located on supernumerary chromosomes. Optical mapping revealed that the sequenced isolate has 17 chromosomes ranging from 530 kb to 6.52 Mb and that the physical size of the genome, 54.43 Mb, and the number of predicted genes, 15,707, are among the largest reported for ascomycetes. Two classes of genes have contributed to gene expansion: specific genes that are not found in other fungi including its closest sequenced relative, Fusarium graminearum; and genes that commonly occur as single copies in other fungi but are present as multiple copies in N. haematococca MPVI. Some of these additional genes appear to have resulted from gene duplication events, while others may have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. The supernumerary nature of three chromosomes, 14, 15, and 17, was confirmed by their absence in pulsed field gel electrophoresis experiments of some isolates and by demonstrating that these isolates lacked chromosome-specific sequences found on the ends of these chromosomes. These supernumerary chromosomes contain more repeat sequences, are enriched in unique and duplicated genes, and have a lower G+C content in comparison to the other chromosomes. Although the origin(s) of the extra genes and the supernumerary chromosomes is not known, the gene expansion and its large genome size are consistent with this species' diverse range of habitats. Furthermore, the presence of unique genes on supernumerary chromosomes might account for individual isolates having different environmental niches.
AB - The ascomycetous fungus Nectria haematococca, (asexual name Fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "Fusarium solani species complex". Members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. The current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, N. haematococca mating population VI (MPVI). Several genes controlling the ability of individual isolates of this species to colonize specific habitats are located on supernumerary chromosomes. Optical mapping revealed that the sequenced isolate has 17 chromosomes ranging from 530 kb to 6.52 Mb and that the physical size of the genome, 54.43 Mb, and the number of predicted genes, 15,707, are among the largest reported for ascomycetes. Two classes of genes have contributed to gene expansion: specific genes that are not found in other fungi including its closest sequenced relative, Fusarium graminearum; and genes that commonly occur as single copies in other fungi but are present as multiple copies in N. haematococca MPVI. Some of these additional genes appear to have resulted from gene duplication events, while others may have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. The supernumerary nature of three chromosomes, 14, 15, and 17, was confirmed by their absence in pulsed field gel electrophoresis experiments of some isolates and by demonstrating that these isolates lacked chromosome-specific sequences found on the ends of these chromosomes. These supernumerary chromosomes contain more repeat sequences, are enriched in unique and duplicated genes, and have a lower G+C content in comparison to the other chromosomes. Although the origin(s) of the extra genes and the supernumerary chromosomes is not known, the gene expansion and its large genome size are consistent with this species' diverse range of habitats. Furthermore, the presence of unique genes on supernumerary chromosomes might account for individual isolates having different environmental niches.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70149110707&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70149110707&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000618
DO - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000618
M3 - Article
C2 - 19714214
AN - SCOPUS:70149110707
SN - 1553-7390
VL - 5
JO - PLoS Genetics
JF - PLoS Genetics
IS - 8
M1 - e1000618
ER -