TY - JOUR
T1 - The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer (EMIRS) Instrument
AU - Edwards, Christopher S.
AU - Christensen, Philip R.
AU - Mehall, Greg L.
AU - Anwar, Saadat
AU - Tunaiji, Eman Al
AU - Badri, Khalid
AU - Bowles, Heather
AU - Chase, Stillman
AU - Farkas, Zoltan
AU - Fisher, Tara
AU - Janiczek, John
AU - Kubik, Ian
AU - Harris-Laurila, Kelly
AU - Holmes, Andrew
AU - Lazbin, Igor
AU - Madril, Edgar
AU - McAdam, Mark
AU - Miner, Mark
AU - O’Donnell, William
AU - Ortiz, Carlos
AU - Pelham, Daniel
AU - Patel, Mehul
AU - Powell, Kathryn
AU - Shamordola, Ken
AU - Tourville, Tom
AU - Smith, Michael D.
AU - Smith, Nathan
AU - Woodward, Rob
AU - Weintraub, Aaron
AU - Reed, Heather
AU - Pilinski, Emily B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank the team at the Laboratory for Space Physics for their excellent support during the development, integration and test process. Further we thank the ASU program management support team for their countless hours and telecons making this development program a reality. Further, we thank H.E. Sarah Al Amiri and Omran Sharaf and the team at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) for their vision and drive to make the EMM mission a reality. Procurements from Leonardo-MW Limited, General Dynamics, Avior Controls, BEI Kimco, TelAztec, L&M Machining, the ASU Machine Shop, TTI, the GSFC Parts Division and many others for their support of the EMIRS fabrication. We thank the Senior Review Board for EMM and Instrument Review Board namely, Jim Watzin, Mark Lankon, Jim Westfall, Erik Richard, Bill McClintock, Scott Tucker, Khaled Al Hashmi and many others that significantly improved the design of EMIRS though the development process. We thank an anonymous reviewer and Dr. Paul Hayne for helpful reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. Finally, we thank the United Arab Emirates for their vision to carry out this grand endeavor and we are thankful for the new friends and lasting colleagues made during the development of the EMM mission to Mars. The material presented in this publication was supported by the United Arab Emirates Government through the United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAESA) and the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre.
Funding Information:
We would like to thank the team at the Laboratory for Space Physics for their excellent support during the development, integration and test process. Further we thank the ASU program management support team for their countless hours and telecons making this development program a reality. Further, we thank H.E. Sarah Al Amiri and Omran Sharaf and the team at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) for their vision and drive to make the EMM mission a reality. Procurements from Leonardo-MW Limited, General Dynamics, Avior Controls, BEI Kimco, TelAztec, L&M Machining, the ASU Machine Shop, TTI, the GSFC Parts Division and many others for their support of the EMIRS fabrication. We thank the Senior Review Board for EMM and Instrument Review Board namely, Jim Watzin, Mark Lankon, Jim Westfall, Erik Richard, Bill McClintock, Scott Tucker, Khaled Al Hashmi and many others that significantly improved the design of EMIRS though the development process. We thank an anonymous reviewer and Dr. Paul Hayne for helpful reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. Finally, we thank the United Arab Emirates for their vision to carry out this grand endeavor and we are thankful for the new friends and lasting colleagues made during the development of the EMM mission to Mars. The material presented in this publication was supported by the United Arab Emirates Government through the United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAESA) and the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - The Emirates Mars Mission Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) will provide remote measurements of the martian surface and lower atmosphere in order to better characterize the geographic and diurnal variability of key constituents (water ice, water vapor, and dust) along with temperature profiles on sub-seasonal timescales. EMIRS is a FTIR spectrometer covering the range from 6.0-100+ μm (1666-100 cm−1) with a spectral sampling as high as 5 cm−1 and a 5.4-mrad IFOV and a 32.5×32.5 mrad FOV. The EMIRS optical path includes a flat 45° pointing mirror to enable one degree of freedom and has a +/- 60° clear aperture around the nadir position which is fed to a 17.78-cm diameter Cassegrain telescope. The collected light is then fed to a flat-plate based Michelson moving mirror mounted on a dual linear voice-coil motor assembly. An array of deuterated L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLaTGS) pyroelectric detectors are used to sample the interferogram every 2 or 4 seconds (depending on the spectral sampling selected). A single 0.846 μm laser diode is used in a metrology interferometer to provide interferometer positional control, sampled at 40 kHz (controlled at 5 kHz) and infrared signal sampled at 625 Hz. The EMIRS beamsplitter is a 60-mm diameter, 1-mm thick 1-arcsecond wedged chemical vapor deposited diamond with an antireflection microstructure to minimize first surface reflection. EMIRS relies on an instrumented internal v-groove blackbody target for a full-aperture radiometric calibration. The radiometric precision of a single spectrum (in 5 cm−1 mode) is <3.0×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1 between 300 and 1350 cm−1 over instrument operational temperatures (<∼0.5 K NEΔ T @ 250 K). The absolute integrated radiance error is < 2% for scene temperatures ranging from 200-340 K. The overall EMIRS envelope size is 52.9×37.5×34.6 cm and the mass is 14.72 kg including the interface adapter plate. The average operational power consumption is 22.2 W, and the standby power consumption is 18.6 W with a 5.7 W thermostatically limited, always-on operational heater. EMIRS was developed by Arizona State University and Northern Arizona University in collaboration with the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre with Arizona Space Technologies developing the electronics. EMIRS was integrated, tested and radiometrically calibrated at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
AB - The Emirates Mars Mission Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) will provide remote measurements of the martian surface and lower atmosphere in order to better characterize the geographic and diurnal variability of key constituents (water ice, water vapor, and dust) along with temperature profiles on sub-seasonal timescales. EMIRS is a FTIR spectrometer covering the range from 6.0-100+ μm (1666-100 cm−1) with a spectral sampling as high as 5 cm−1 and a 5.4-mrad IFOV and a 32.5×32.5 mrad FOV. The EMIRS optical path includes a flat 45° pointing mirror to enable one degree of freedom and has a +/- 60° clear aperture around the nadir position which is fed to a 17.78-cm diameter Cassegrain telescope. The collected light is then fed to a flat-plate based Michelson moving mirror mounted on a dual linear voice-coil motor assembly. An array of deuterated L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLaTGS) pyroelectric detectors are used to sample the interferogram every 2 or 4 seconds (depending on the spectral sampling selected). A single 0.846 μm laser diode is used in a metrology interferometer to provide interferometer positional control, sampled at 40 kHz (controlled at 5 kHz) and infrared signal sampled at 625 Hz. The EMIRS beamsplitter is a 60-mm diameter, 1-mm thick 1-arcsecond wedged chemical vapor deposited diamond with an antireflection microstructure to minimize first surface reflection. EMIRS relies on an instrumented internal v-groove blackbody target for a full-aperture radiometric calibration. The radiometric precision of a single spectrum (in 5 cm−1 mode) is <3.0×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1 between 300 and 1350 cm−1 over instrument operational temperatures (<∼0.5 K NEΔ T @ 250 K). The absolute integrated radiance error is < 2% for scene temperatures ranging from 200-340 K. The overall EMIRS envelope size is 52.9×37.5×34.6 cm and the mass is 14.72 kg including the interface adapter plate. The average operational power consumption is 22.2 W, and the standby power consumption is 18.6 W with a 5.7 W thermostatically limited, always-on operational heater. EMIRS was developed by Arizona State University and Northern Arizona University in collaboration with the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre with Arizona Space Technologies developing the electronics. EMIRS was integrated, tested and radiometrically calibrated at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
KW - Atmosphere
KW - EMM
KW - Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer
KW - Mars
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U2 - 10.1007/s11214-021-00848-1
DO - 10.1007/s11214-021-00848-1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115315922
SN - 0038-6308
VL - 217
JO - Space Science Reviews
JF - Space Science Reviews
IS - 7
M1 - 77
ER -