The benefits of cooperative learning arrangements in second language instruction

This paper identifies some of the advantages that cooperative learning arrangements offer in second language and bilingual instruction. There are six main benefits (two linguistic, two curricular and two social): (1) increased frequency and variety of second language practice through different types of interaction; (2) possibility for development or use of the first language in ways that support cognitive development and increased second language skills; (3) opportunities to integrate language with content instruction; (4) inclusion of a greater variety of curricular materials to stimulate language use as well as concept learning; (5) freedom for language teachers to master new professional skills, particularly those emphasizing communication; and (6) opportunities for students to act as resources for each other and, thus, assume a more active role in learning. Pertinent empirical findings from various settings of linguistic diversity are presented and theoretical foundations summarized to show the promise of cooperative approaches for improving both student learning and pedagogical methods in the second language classroom.