Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys

Mahafujul Alam; Julie B. Heynssens; Bertrand F. Cambou

doi:10.1109/CCNC65079.2026.11366526

Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys

Mahafujul Alam
, Julie B. Heynssens
, Bertrand F. Cambou

Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, School of

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

Asymmetric cryptography secures modern digital transactions but remains vulnerable to private-key loss. This work introduces a zero-knowledge multi-factor authentication (MFA) scheme that generates ephemeral keys to protect private keys. A bit-truncation method removes the most significant bits (MSBs) from facial-distance responses in a template-less biometric system, enhancing accuracy and security. Combined with an SRAM-PUF token and password factor, the scheme achieves optimized false-acceptance and false-reject rates while producing stable, error-free ephemeral keys for private-key protection.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331596736
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC65079.2026.11366526
State	Published - 2026
Event	23rd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026 - Las Vegas, United States Duration: Jan 9 2026 → Jan 12 2026

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC
ISSN (Print)	2331-9860

Conference

Conference	23rd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026
Country/Territory	United States
City	Las Vegas
Period	1/9/26 → 1/12/26

Keywords

SRAM PUF
Zero-knowledge MFA
bit-chopping technique
ephemeral key generation
private key protection
template-less biometrics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computer Networks and Communications
Artificial Intelligence
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1109/CCNC65079.2026.11366526

Cite this

Alam, M., Heynssens, J. B., & Cambou, B. F. (2026). Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys. In 2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026 (Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC65079.2026.11366526

Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys. / Alam, Mahafujul; Heynssens, Julie B.; Cambou, Bertrand F.
2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026. (Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Alam, M, Heynssens, JB & Cambou, BF 2026, Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys. in 2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026. Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 23rd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2026, Las Vegas, United States, 1/9/26. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC65079.2026.11366526

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title = "Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys",

abstract = "Asymmetric cryptography secures modern digital transactions but remains vulnerable to private-key loss. This work introduces a zero-knowledge multi-factor authentication (MFA) scheme that generates ephemeral keys to protect private keys. A bit-truncation method removes the most significant bits (MSBs) from facial-distance responses in a template-less biometric system, enhancing accuracy and security. Combined with an SRAM-PUF token and password factor, the scheme achieves optimized false-acceptance and false-reject rates while producing stable, error-free ephemeral keys for private-key protection.",

keywords = "SRAM PUF, Zero-knowledge MFA, bit-chopping technique, ephemeral key generation, private key protection, template-less biometrics",

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AB - Asymmetric cryptography secures modern digital transactions but remains vulnerable to private-key loss. This work introduces a zero-knowledge multi-factor authentication (MFA) scheme that generates ephemeral keys to protect private keys. A bit-truncation method removes the most significant bits (MSBs) from facial-distance responses in a template-less biometric system, enhancing accuracy and security. Combined with an SRAM-PUF token and password factor, the scheme achieves optimized false-acceptance and false-reject rates while producing stable, error-free ephemeral keys for private-key protection.

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KW - ephemeral key generation

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KW - template-less biometrics

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M3 - Conference contribution

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T3 - Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC

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Statistical Analysis and Optimization of the MFA Protecting Private Keys

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this