Restoration of a ponderosa pine forest increases soil CO₂ efflux more than either water or nitrogen additions

Agriculture & Biology

• Pinus ponderosa 100%
• coniferous forests 83%
• nitrogen 45%
• soil 39%
• ecosystems 39%
• water 32%
• ecological function 30%
• fine roots 29%
• thinning (plants) 28%
• semiarid soils 19%
• fire regime 18%
• forest restoration 18%
• Southwestern United States 17%
• ecological restoration 16%
• biomass 16%
• soil water content 13%
• understory 13%
• carbon 8%
• synthesis 7%
• temperature 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• pine 67%
• restoration 58%
• nitrogen 46%
• soil 33%
• fine root 25%
• ecosystem structure 23%
• water 23%
• ecosystem process 21%
• ecosystem function 20%
• thinning 18%
• biomass 11%
• understory 10%
• water availability 9%
• soil water 7%
• water content 7%
• surface water 6%
• carbon 5%
• effect 4%
• experiment 3%
• temperature 3%