@article{0a2f6657b03b4db7be95b76398094922,
title = "Reduced phosphorus availability in paddy soils under atmospheric CO2 enrichment",
abstract = "Phosphorus is an essential element for plant metabolism and growth, but its future supply under elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 remains uncertain. Here we present measurements of phosphorus concentration from two long-term (15 and 9 years) rice free air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments. Although no changes were observed in the initial year of the experiments, by the end of the experiments soil available phosphorus had declined by more than 20% (26.9% and 21.0% for 15 and 9 years, respectively). We suggest that the reduction can be explained by the production of soil organic phosphorus that is not in a readily plant-available form, as well as by increased removal through crop harvest. Our findings further suggest that increased transfers of plant available phosphorus from biological, biochemical and chemical phosphorus under anthropogenic changes are insufficient to compensate for reductions to plant available phosphorus under long-term exposure to elevated CO2. We estimate that reductions to rice yields could be particularly acute in low-income countries under future CO2 scenarios without the input of additional phosphorus fertilizers to compensate, despite the potentially reduced global risk for phosphorus pollution.",
author = "Yu Wang and Yuanyuan Huang and Lian Song and Jiahui Yuan and Wei Li and Yongguan Zhu and Chang, {Scott X.} and Yiqi Luo and Philippe Ciais and Josep Pe{\~n}uelas and Julie Wolf and Cade-Menun, {Barbara J.} and Shuijin Hu and Lei Wang and Dengjun Wang and Zengwei Yuan and Yujun Wang and Jishuang Zhang and Ye Tao and Shenqiang Wang and Gang Liu and Xiaoyuan Yan and Chunwu Zhu",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the enduring contributions of J. Zhu, who initiated and supervised study P from 2004 to 2016, and G. Pan and X. Liu who established and supervised study P from 2011. The FACE system instruments of study P were supplied by the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences and the Agricultural Research Center of Tohohu Region (Japan). We received funding from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (2020B0202010006 to C.Z.), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1700802 to Y.W.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42277026 to Y.W., 31870423 to C.Z. and 32001191 to L.S.), the Chinese Academy of Sciences {\textquoteleft}0-1{\textquoteright} program (ZDBS-LY-DQC020 to C.Z.), the Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (BM2022002 to C.Z.), Innovation Program of Institute of Soil Science (ISSASIP2201 to Y.W.), a Spanish Government grant (PID2019-110521GB-I00 to J.P.), French state aid managed by the ANR under the {\textquoteleft}Investissements d{\textquoteright}avenir{\textquoteright} programme (ANR16-CONV-0003 to P.C.), and the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Special Fund for Science and Technology from Nanjing Science and Technology Bureau (20221103 to C.Z.). L-M H L-M Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1038/s41561-022-01105-y",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "162--168",
journal = "Nature Geoscience",
issn = "1752-0894",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "2",
}