Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains

David J. Blackley; Michael R. Wiley; Jason T. Ladner; Mosoka Fallah; Terrence Lo; Merle L. Gilbert; Christopher Gregory; Jonathan D'ambrozio; Stewart Coulter; Suzanne Mate; Zephaniah Balogun; Jeffrey Kugelman; William Nwachukwu; Karla Prieto; Adolphus Yeiah; Fred Amegashie; Brian Kearney; Meagan Wisniewski; John Saindon; Gary Schroth; Lawrence Fakoli; Joseph W. Diclaro; Jens H. Kuhn; Lisa E. Hensley; Peter B. Jahrling; Ute Ströher; Stuart T. Nichol; Moses Massaquoi; Francis Kateh; Peter Clement; Alex Gasasira; Fatorma Bolay; Stephan S. Monroe; Andrew Rambaut; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; A. Scott Laney; Tolbert Nyenswah; Athalia Christie; Gustavo Palacios

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600378

Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains

David J. Blackley, Michael R. Wiley, Jason T. Ladner, Mosoka Fallah, Terrence Lo, Merle L. Gilbert, Christopher Gregory, Jonathan D'ambrozio, Stewart Coulter, Suzanne Mate, Zephaniah Balogun, Jeffrey Kugelman, William Nwachukwu, Karla Prieto, Adolphus Yeiah, Fred Amegashie, Brian Kearney, Meagan Wisniewski, John Saindon, Gary SchrothLawrence Fakoli, Joseph W. Diclaro, Jens H. Kuhn, Lisa E. Hensley, Peter B. Jahrling, Ute Ströher, Stuart T. Nichol, Moses Massaquoi, Francis Kateh, Peter Clement, Alex Gasasira, Fatorma Bolay, Stephan S. Monroe, Andrew Rambaut, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, A. Scott Laney, Tolbert Nyenswah, Athalia Christie, Gustavo Palacios

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Abstract

On 29 June 2015, Liberia's respite from Ebola virus disease (EVD) was interrupted for the second time by a renewed outbreak ("flare-up") of seven confirmed cases. We demonstrate that, similar to the March 2015 flare-up associated with sexual transmission, this new flare-up was a reemergence of a Liberian transmission chain originating from a persistently infected source rather than a reintroduction from a reservoir or a neighboring country with active transmission. Although distinct, Ebola virus (EBOV) genomes from both flare-ups exhibit significantly low genetic divergence, indicating a reduced rate of EBOV evolution during persistent infection. Using this rate of change as a signature, we identified two additional EVD clusters that possibly arose from persistently infected sources. These findings highlight the risk of EVD flare-ups even after an outbreak is declared over.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	e1600378
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	2
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600378
State	Published - Apr 2016
Externally published	Yes

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Blackley, D. J., Wiley, M. R., Ladner, J. T., Fallah, M., Lo, T., Gilbert, M. L., Gregory, C., D'ambrozio, J., Coulter, S., Mate, S., Balogun, Z., Kugelman, J., Nwachukwu, W., Prieto, K., Yeiah, A., Amegashie, F., Kearney, B., Wisniewski, M., Saindon, J., ... Palacios, G. (2016). Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains. Science Advances, 2(4), Article e1600378. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600378

Blackley, DJ, Wiley, MR, Ladner, JT, Fallah, M, Lo, T, Gilbert, ML, Gregory, C, D'ambrozio, J, Coulter, S, Mate, S, Balogun, Z, Kugelman, J, Nwachukwu, W, Prieto, K, Yeiah, A, Amegashie, F, Kearney, B, Wisniewski, M, Saindon, J, Schroth, G, Fakoli, L, Diclaro, JW, Kuhn, JH, Hensley, LE, Jahrling, PB, Ströher, U, Nichol, ST, Massaquoi, M, Kateh, F, Clement, P, Gasasira, A, Bolay, F, Monroe, SS, Rambaut, A, Sanchez-Lockhart, M, Laney, AS, Nyenswah, T, Christie, A & Palacios, G 2016, 'Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains', Science Advances, vol. 2, no. 4, e1600378. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600378

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abstract = "On 29 June 2015, Liberia's respite from Ebola virus disease (EVD) was interrupted for the second time by a renewed outbreak ({"}flare-up{"}) of seven confirmed cases. We demonstrate that, similar to the March 2015 flare-up associated with sexual transmission, this new flare-up was a reemergence of a Liberian transmission chain originating from a persistently infected source rather than a reintroduction from a reservoir or a neighboring country with active transmission. Although distinct, Ebola virus (EBOV) genomes from both flare-ups exhibit significantly low genetic divergence, indicating a reduced rate of EBOV evolution during persistent infection. Using this rate of change as a signature, we identified two additional EVD clusters that possibly arose from persistently infected sources. These findings highlight the risk of EVD flare-ups even after an outbreak is declared over.",

author = "Blackley, {David J.} and Wiley, {Michael R.} and Ladner, {Jason T.} and Mosoka Fallah and Terrence Lo and Gilbert, {Merle L.} and Christopher Gregory and Jonathan D'ambrozio and Stewart Coulter and Suzanne Mate and Zephaniah Balogun and Jeffrey Kugelman and William Nwachukwu and Karla Prieto and Adolphus Yeiah and Fred Amegashie and Brian Kearney and Meagan Wisniewski and John Saindon and Gary Schroth and Lawrence Fakoli and Diclaro, {Joseph W.} and Kuhn, {Jens H.} and Hensley, {Lisa E.} and Jahrling, {Peter B.} and Ute Str{\"o}her and Nichol, {Stuart T.} and Moses Massaquoi and Francis Kateh and Peter Clement and Alex Gasasira and Fatorma Bolay and Monroe, {Stephan S.} and Andrew Rambaut and Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart and Laney, {A. Scott} and Tolbert Nyenswah and Athalia Christie and Gustavo Palacios",

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AU - D'ambrozio, Jonathan

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AU - Massaquoi, Moses

AU - Kateh, Francis

AU - Clement, Peter

AU - Gasasira, Alex

AU - Bolay, Fatorma

AU - Monroe, Stephan S.

AU - Rambaut, Andrew

AU - Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano

AU - Laney, A. Scott

AU - Nyenswah, Tolbert

AU - Christie, Athalia

AU - Palacios, Gustavo

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Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains

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