@article{4c1c740899b44a82a4845e52811e0cf4,
title = "Precision epidemiology for infectious disease control",
abstract = "Advances in genomics and computing are transforming the capacity for the characterization of biological systems, and researchers are now poised for a precision-focused transformation in the way they prepare for, and respond to, infectious diseases. This includes the use of genome-based approaches to inform molecular diagnosis and individual-level treatment regimens. In addition, advances in the speed and granularity of pathogen genome generation have improved the capability to track and understand pathogen transmission, leading to potential improvements in the design and implementation of population-level public health interventions. In this Perspective, we outline several trends that are driving the development of precision epidemiology of infectious disease and their implications for scientists{\textquoteright} ability to respond to outbreaks.",
author = "Ladner, {Jason T.} and Grubaugh, {Nathan D.} and Pybus, {Oliver G.} and Andersen, {Kristian G.}",
note = "Funding Information: O.G.P. is supported by the Oxford Martin School. K.G.A. is a Pew Biomedical Scholar and is supported by NIH NCATS CTSA UL1TR001114, NIAID HHSN272201400048C, NIAID R21AI137690, NIAID U19AI135995, and The Ray Thomas Foundation. J.T.L. is supported by the State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF), administered by the Arizona Board of Regents, through Northern Arizona University. Funding Information: One important approach to accelerating responses in the future is to build genome sequencing and analysis capabilities within public health agencies and hospitals as well as in developing countries disproportionately impacted by infectious disease outbreaks. Several such efforts are currently underway, including the Association of Publich Health Laboratories (APHL)–CDC bioinformatics fellowship program (https://www.aphl.org/fellowships/pages/bioinfor-matics.aspx) and the H3Africa initiative, which is backed by the US National Institutes of Health and the UK Wellcome Trust60. Genomics programs within public health agencies and at individual hospitals would streamline the process of integrating genomic data into outbreak response efforts. Genomic epidemiology, however, is a rapidly evolving field with a strong theoretical foundation, and owing to differences in priorities, academic research groups will likely continue to be at the forefront of tool development and implementation. Therefore, it is imperative that researchers develop a framework of norms and rules governing research conduct during and between outbreaks61, establish diverse networks of technical response teams, and produce action plans. This framework needs to be implemented in advance of an outbreak and coordinated through international organizations, like the WHO, and oversight committees within the United Nations59. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41591-019-0345-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "25",
pages = "206--211",
journal = "Nature Medicine",
issn = "1078-8956",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "2",
}