Performance Audits and Performance Appraisals

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

Perhaps our colleagues, superiors, or subordinates all constantly rate us subconsciously. Yet, despite this inevitable tendency, a formal performance appraisal is not very well understood and often poorly managed in some well-respected organizations. Administration of performance appraisals can involve emotions and is one of the difficult aspects of managerial and supervisory responsibilities Records show that formal appraisal systems existed as early as the third century A.D. At that time, the Chinese bureaucracy engaged in a form of performance appraisal practice in which an imperial rater evaluated the emperor’s official family members and servants on a nine-grade system based on his likes and dislikes. In Europe, formal appraisals began around 1800 in the cotton mills of Scotland. Then, workers were rated according to color tags, white for….

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationGlobal Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Go.
Subtitle of host publicationWith 294 Figures and 229 Tables
PublisherSpringer International Publishing
Pages4525-4533
Number of pages9
ISBN (Electronic)9783319209289
ISBN (Print)9783319209272
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2018

Keywords

  • Employee appraisals
  • Performance evaluations
  • Personnel review systems

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine
  • General Business, Management and Accounting
  • General Social Sciences

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