TY - JOUR
T1 - Perceived Income Adequacy and Well-being among Older Adults in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
AU - Gildner, Theresa E.
AU - Liebert, Melissa A.
AU - Capistrant, Benjamin D.
AU - D'Este, Catherine
AU - Snodgrass, J. Josh
AU - Kowal, Paul
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by WHO and the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements with WHO (OGHA 04034785, YA1323-08-CN-0020, and Y1-AG-1005-01) and through research grants (R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263).
Funding Information:
We thank Nirmala Naidoo for assistance with data management, all the study respondents, and the study PIs and teams. We also thank Alice Richardson for her valuable suggestions when writing the paper. WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health is supported by the respective governments in collaborating countries, WHO, and the U.S. National Institute on Aging. The University of Oregon provided partial salary offset and facilities for these analyses. T. E. Gildner carried out background research, performed the statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript. M. A. Liebert participated in designing the statistical methods used and helped to draft the manuscript. B. D. Capistrant helped to design the study and draft the manuscript. C. D’Este participated in designing the statistical methods used and helped to draft the manuscript. J. J. Snodgrass participated in the study design and helped draft the manuscript. P. Kowal conceived of the study and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/2/15
Y1 - 2019/2/15
N2 - Objectives Perceived income adequacy is positively associated with self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QOL) among adults in higher-income countries. Additionally, older individuals often report higher levels of income adequacy. However, it is unclear if these associations, documented primarily in high-income countries, are also evident across economically and culturally distinctive low- and middle-income countries. Methods Data were drawn from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa. Smaller samples of younger adults (18-49 years) were included for comparison purposes. Participants reported income adequacy, SRH, and QOL. Associations between age and income adequacy and between income adequacy and SRH/QOL were examined using country-specific logistic regression analysis. Results Older adults in China and Russia were more likely to report better income adequacy than their 18- to 49-year-old counterparts; however, the opposite was observed in Ghana and India. SRH and QOL improved as income adequacy increased in all countries. Discussion As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support.
AB - Objectives Perceived income adequacy is positively associated with self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QOL) among adults in higher-income countries. Additionally, older individuals often report higher levels of income adequacy. However, it is unclear if these associations, documented primarily in high-income countries, are also evident across economically and culturally distinctive low- and middle-income countries. Methods Data were drawn from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa. Smaller samples of younger adults (18-49 years) were included for comparison purposes. Participants reported income adequacy, SRH, and QOL. Associations between age and income adequacy and between income adequacy and SRH/QOL were examined using country-specific logistic regression analysis. Results Older adults in China and Russia were more likely to report better income adequacy than their 18- to 49-year-old counterparts; however, the opposite was observed in Ghana and India. SRH and QOL improved as income adequacy increased in all countries. Discussion As expected, income adequacy was correlated with SRH and QOL. However, the relationship between age and income adequacy varied cross-culturally, potentially due to differences in familial and governmental financial support.
KW - Health economics
KW - Population ageing
KW - Social gradients
KW - Subjective well-being
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U2 - 10.1093/geronb/gbw145
DO - 10.1093/geronb/gbw145
M3 - Article
C2 - 27852739
AN - SCOPUS:85059240761
SN - 1079-5014
VL - 74
SP - 516
EP - 525
JO - Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
IS - 3
ER -