TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing Carbon Cycle Parameters Drastically Improves Terrestrial Biosphere Model Underestimates of Dryland Mean Net CO2 Flux and its Inter-Annual Variability
AU - Mahmud, Kashif
AU - Scott, Russell L.
AU - Biederman, Joel A.
AU - Litvak, Marcy E.
AU - Kolb, Thomas
AU - Meyers, Tilden P.
AU - Krishnan, Praveena
AU - Bastrikov, Vladislav
AU - MacBean, Natasha
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for AmeriFlux data resources and data collection at US-SRM, US-SRG, US-Wkg, and US-Whs was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science and the USDA (an equal-opportunity employer). Data collection at sites US-Vcp, US-Vcm, US-Mpj, US-Wjs, US-Seg, and US-Ses were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy EPSCoR (DE-FG02-08ER46506), and the Department of Energy Ameriflux Management Project (Subcontract 7074628), and the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research site (NSF-DEB LTER 1440478). The US-Fuf site was supported by grants from the North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI (2004-35111-15057 and 2008-35101-19076), Science Foundation Arizona (CAA 0-203-08), the Arizona Water Institute, and the Mission Research Program, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University (McIntire-Stennis/Arizona Bureau of Forestry). KM was funded by Indiana University Prepared for Environmental Change Grand Challenge. We would like to thank the ORCHIDEE team for development and maintenance of the ORCHIDEE code and for providing the ORCHIDEE version used in this study.
Funding Information:
Funding for AmeriFlux data resources and data collection at US‐SRM, US‐SRG, US‐Wkg, and US‐Whs was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science and the USDA (an equal‐opportunity employer). Data collection at sites US‐Vcp, US‐Vcm, US‐Mpj, US‐Wjs, US‐Seg, and US‐Ses were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy EPSCoR (DE‐FG02‐08ER46506), and the Department of Energy Ameriflux Management Project (Subcontract 7074628), and the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research site (NSF‐DEB LTER 1440478). The US‐Fuf site was supported by grants from the North American Carbon Program/USDA CREES NRI (2004‐35111‐15057 and 2008‐35101‐19076), Science Foundation Arizona (CAA 0‐203‐08), the Arizona Water Institute, and the Mission Research Program, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University (McIntire‐Stennis/Arizona Bureau of Forestry). KM was funded by Indiana University Prepared for Environmental Change Grand Challenge. We would like to thank the ORCHIDEE team for development and maintenance of the ORCHIDEE code and for providing the ORCHIDEE version used in this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Drylands occupy ∼40% of the land surface and are thought to dominate global carbon (C) cycle inter-annual variability (IAV). Therefore, it is imperative that global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), which form the land component of IPCC earth system models, are able to accurately simulate dryland vegetation and biogeochemical processes. However, compared to more mesic ecosystems, TBMs have not been widely tested or optimized using in situ dryland CO2 fluxes. Here, we address this gap using a Bayesian data assimilation system and 89 site-years of daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data from 12 southwest US Ameriflux sites to optimize the C cycle parameters of the ORCHIDEE TBM. The sites span high elevation forest ecosystems, which are a mean sink of C, and low elevation shrub and grass ecosystems that are either a mean C sink or “pivot” between an annual C sink and source. We find that using the default (prior) model parameters drastically underestimates both the mean annual NEE at the forested mean C sink sites and the NEE IAV across all sites. Our analysis demonstrated that optimizing phenology parameters are particularly useful in improving the model's ability to capture both the magnitude and sign of the NEE IAV. At the forest sites, optimizing C allocation, respiration, and biomass and soil C turnover parameters reduces the underestimate in simulated mean annual NEE. Our study demonstrates that all TBMs need to be calibrated for dryland ecosystems before they are used to determine dryland contributions to global C cycle variability and long-term carbon-climate feedbacks.
AB - Drylands occupy ∼40% of the land surface and are thought to dominate global carbon (C) cycle inter-annual variability (IAV). Therefore, it is imperative that global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), which form the land component of IPCC earth system models, are able to accurately simulate dryland vegetation and biogeochemical processes. However, compared to more mesic ecosystems, TBMs have not been widely tested or optimized using in situ dryland CO2 fluxes. Here, we address this gap using a Bayesian data assimilation system and 89 site-years of daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data from 12 southwest US Ameriflux sites to optimize the C cycle parameters of the ORCHIDEE TBM. The sites span high elevation forest ecosystems, which are a mean sink of C, and low elevation shrub and grass ecosystems that are either a mean C sink or “pivot” between an annual C sink and source. We find that using the default (prior) model parameters drastically underestimates both the mean annual NEE at the forested mean C sink sites and the NEE IAV across all sites. Our analysis demonstrated that optimizing phenology parameters are particularly useful in improving the model's ability to capture both the magnitude and sign of the NEE IAV. At the forest sites, optimizing C allocation, respiration, and biomass and soil C turnover parameters reduces the underestimate in simulated mean annual NEE. Our study demonstrates that all TBMs need to be calibrated for dryland ecosystems before they are used to determine dryland contributions to global C cycle variability and long-term carbon-climate feedbacks.
KW - carbon cycle
KW - data assimilation
KW - drylands
KW - terrestrial biosphere modeling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118220213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85118220213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2021JG006400
DO - 10.1029/2021JG006400
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85118220213
SN - 2169-8953
VL - 126
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
IS - 10
M1 - e2021JG006400
ER -