TY - JOUR
T1 - Nematode communities differ in Hopi landrace maize and commercial maize
AU - Gibson, Kara S.
AU - Antoninka, Anita J.
AU - Macktima-Borhauer, Ky
AU - Johnson, Nancy C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are indebted to Alton Honahnie (Coyote Clan), Gerald Lomatewaima (Tobacco Clan), and Waylan Piestewa (in-law farmer of the Corn Clan lots) for permission to sample their fields, and to Joseph Borhauer for his advice and assistance. We also would like to express our gratitude to Egbert Schwartz for his advice and feedback on this manuscript, to Sara Krznarich and Jeff Propster for their assistance with soil analyses, and to Darrell Kaufman and Katherine Whitacre for use of their laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Finally, we wish to thank Matt Bowker, Aradhana Roberts, and members of the Bowker and Johnson lab groups for their support and insights. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - Selection pressures of crop breeding in varying abiotic contexts may produce cultivars differing in their relationships with belowground organisms. Nematode assemblages associated with a Hopi maize (Zea mays L.) landrace and two commercial maize varieties were examined at three traditional farms (two irrigated, one dry-farmed) near the village of Moenkopi on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, U.S.A. At each farm, the landrace and one commercial maize variety were cultivated in close proximity. Within the two irrigated farms, densities of free-living nematodes, but not plant parasitic nematodes, were higher in landrace plots compared to commercial variety plots; however, at the dry-farmed site the nematode assemblages associated with the two maize varieties did not differ. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed that at the irrigated farms, nematode assemblages associated with landrace maize differed significantly from those associated with commercial maize in analyses based on functional guilds, feeding groups and non-phytoparasitic c-p groups. Assemblages at the dry-farmed site were different from those at the irrigated sites in community composition based on morphotypes, functional guilds, and feeding groups, but were similar to the irrigated commercial variety plots based on c-p groups. Nematode abundances were likely constrained by water availability at the dry-farmed site, but at the irrigated sites, nematode community dissimilarities between the landrace and the commercial maize variety may have resulted from differences in plant-soil microbe interactions for the two crop varieties. Selection pressures associated with Hopi agroecosystems might have produced landraces with different belowground allocation strategies than commercial crop varieties selected under high resource conditions.
AB - Selection pressures of crop breeding in varying abiotic contexts may produce cultivars differing in their relationships with belowground organisms. Nematode assemblages associated with a Hopi maize (Zea mays L.) landrace and two commercial maize varieties were examined at three traditional farms (two irrigated, one dry-farmed) near the village of Moenkopi on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, U.S.A. At each farm, the landrace and one commercial maize variety were cultivated in close proximity. Within the two irrigated farms, densities of free-living nematodes, but not plant parasitic nematodes, were higher in landrace plots compared to commercial variety plots; however, at the dry-farmed site the nematode assemblages associated with the two maize varieties did not differ. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed that at the irrigated farms, nematode assemblages associated with landrace maize differed significantly from those associated with commercial maize in analyses based on functional guilds, feeding groups and non-phytoparasitic c-p groups. Assemblages at the dry-farmed site were different from those at the irrigated sites in community composition based on morphotypes, functional guilds, and feeding groups, but were similar to the irrigated commercial variety plots based on c-p groups. Nematode abundances were likely constrained by water availability at the dry-farmed site, but at the irrigated sites, nematode community dissimilarities between the landrace and the commercial maize variety may have resulted from differences in plant-soil microbe interactions for the two crop varieties. Selection pressures associated with Hopi agroecosystems might have produced landraces with different belowground allocation strategies than commercial crop varieties selected under high resource conditions.
KW - Co-adaptation
KW - Crop varieties
KW - Functional guilds
KW - Hopi dryland agriculture
KW - Nematode communities
KW - Plant-soil feedbacks
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U2 - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.02.026
DO - 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.02.026
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85062672644
SN - 0929-1393
VL - 138
SP - 181
EP - 188
JO - Applied Soil Ecology
JF - Applied Soil Ecology
ER -