LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned

Jennifer L. Heldmann; Anthony Colaprete; Diane H. Wooden; Robert F. Ackermann; David D. Acton; Peter R. Backus; Vanessa Bailey; Jesse G. Ball; William C. Barott; Samantha K. Blair; Marc W. Buie; Shawn Callahan; Nancy J. Chanover; Young Jun Choi; Al Conrad; Dolores M. Coulson; Kirk B. Crawford; Russell DeHart; Imke De Pater; Michael Disanti; James R. Forster; Reiko Furusho; Tetsuharu Fuse; Tom Geballe; J. Duane Gibson; David Goldstein; Stephen A. Gregory; David J. Gutierrez; Ryan T. Hamilton; Taiga Hamura; David E. Harker; Gerry R. Harp; Junichi Haruyama; Morag Hastie; Yutaka Hayano; Phillip Hinz; Peng K. Hong; Steven P. James; Toshihiko Kadono; Hideyo Kawakita; Michael S. Kelley; Daryl L. Kim; Kosuke Kurosawa; Duk Hang Lee; Michael Long; Paul G. Lucey; Keith Marach; Anthony C. Matulonis; Richard M. McDermid; Russet McMillan; Charles Miller; Hong Kyu Moon; Ryosuke Nakamura; Hirotomo Noda; Natsuko Okamura; Lawrence Ong; Dallan Porter; Jeffery J. Puschell; John T. Rayner; J. Jedadiah Rembold; Katherine C. Roth; Richard J. Rudy; Ray W. Russell; Eileen V. Ryan; William H. Ryan; Tomohiko Sekiguchi; Yasuhito Sekine; Mark A. Skinner; Mitsuru Sôma; Andrew W. Stephens; Alex Storrs; Robert M. Suggs; Seiji Sugita; Eon Chang Sung; Naruhisa Takatoh; Jill C. Tarter; Scott M. Taylor; Hiroshi Terada; Chadwick J. Trujillo; Vidhya Vaitheeswaran; Faith Vilas; Brian D. Walls; Jun Ihi Watanabe; William J. Welch; Charles E. Woodward; Hong Suh Yim; Eliot F. Young

doi:10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned

Jennifer L. Heldmann, Anthony Colaprete, Diane H. Wooden, Robert F. Ackermann, David D. Acton, Peter R. Backus, Vanessa Bailey, Jesse G. Ball, William C. Barott, Samantha K. Blair, Marc W. Buie, Shawn Callahan, Nancy J. Chanover, Young Jun Choi, Al Conrad, Dolores M. Coulson, Kirk B. Crawford, Russell DeHart, Imke De Pater, Michael DisantiJames R. Forster, Reiko Furusho, Tetsuharu Fuse, Tom Geballe, J. Duane Gibson, David Goldstein, Stephen A. Gregory, David J. Gutierrez, Ryan T. Hamilton, Taiga Hamura, David E. Harker, Gerry R. Harp, Junichi Haruyama, Morag Hastie, Yutaka Hayano, Phillip Hinz, Peng K. Hong, Steven P. James, Toshihiko Kadono, Hideyo Kawakita, Michael S. Kelley, Daryl L. Kim, Kosuke Kurosawa, Duk Hang Lee, Michael Long, Paul G. Lucey, Keith Marach, Anthony C. Matulonis, Richard M. McDermid, Russet McMillan, Charles Miller, Hong Kyu Moon, Ryosuke Nakamura, Hirotomo Noda, Natsuko Okamura, Lawrence Ong, Dallan Porter, Jeffery J. Puschell, John T. Rayner, J. Jedadiah Rembold, Katherine C. Roth, Richard J. Rudy, Ray W. Russell, Eileen V. Ryan, William H. Ryan, Tomohiko Sekiguchi, Yasuhito Sekine, Mark A. Skinner, Mitsuru Sôma, Andrew W. Stephens, Alex Storrs, Robert M. Suggs, Seiji Sugita, Eon Chang Sung, Naruhisa Takatoh, Jill C. Tarter, Scott M. Taylor, Hiroshi Terada, Chadwick J. Trujillo, Vidhya Vaitheeswaran, Faith Vilas, Brian D. Walls, Jun Ihi Watanabe, William J. Welch, Charles E. Woodward, Hong Suh Yim, Eliot F. Young

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

NASA's LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) mission was designed to explore the nature of previously detected enhanced levels of hydrogen near the lunar poles. The LCROSS mission impacted the spent upper stage of the launch vehicle into a permanently shadowed region of the lunar surface to create an ejecta plume. The resultant impact crater and plume were then observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft as well as a cadre of telescopes on the Earth and in space to determine the nature of the materials contained within the permanently shadowed region. The Shepherding Spacecraft then became a second impactor which was also observed by multiple assets. The LCROSS Observation Campaign was a key component of the LCROSS mission. The goal of the Observation Campaign was to realize the scientific benefits of extending the LCROSS observations to multiple ground and space-based assets. This paper describes the LCROSS Observation Campaign and provides an overview of the Campaign coordination and logistics as well as a summary of the observation techniques utilized at a multitude of observatories. Lessons learned from the LCROSS Observation Campaign are also discussed to assist with the planning of future unique observing events.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	93-140
Number of pages	48
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume	167
Issue number	1-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y
State	Published - May 2012
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Missions
Moon
Observations
Telescopes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

Cite this

Heldmann, J. L., Colaprete, A., Wooden, D. H., Ackermann, R. F., Acton, D. D., Backus, P. R., Bailey, V., Ball, J. G., Barott, W. C., Blair, S. K., Buie, M. W., Callahan, S., Chanover, N. J., Choi, Y. J., Conrad, A., Coulson, D. M., Crawford, K. B., DeHart, R., De Pater, I., ... Young, E. F. (2012). LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned. Space Science Reviews, 167(1-4), 93-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

Heldmann, JL, Colaprete, A, Wooden, DH, Ackermann, RF, Acton, DD, Backus, PR, Bailey, V, Ball, JG, Barott, WC, Blair, SK, Buie, MW, Callahan, S, Chanover, NJ, Choi, YJ, Conrad, A, Coulson, DM, Crawford, KB, DeHart, R, De Pater, I, Disanti, M, Forster, JR, Furusho, R, Fuse, T, Geballe, T, Gibson, JD, Goldstein, D, Gregory, SA, Gutierrez, DJ, Hamilton, RT, Hamura, T, Harker, DE, Harp, GR, Haruyama, J, Hastie, M, Hayano, Y, Hinz, P, Hong, PK, James, SP, Kadono, T, Kawakita, H, Kelley, MS, Kim, DL, Kurosawa, K, Lee, DH, Long, M, Lucey, PG, Marach, K, Matulonis, AC, McDermid, RM, McMillan, R, Miller, C, Moon, HK, Nakamura, R, Noda, H, Okamura, N, Ong, L, Porter, D, Puschell, JJ, Rayner, JT, Rembold, JJ, Roth, KC, Rudy, RJ, Russell, RW, Ryan, EV, Ryan, WH, Sekiguchi, T, Sekine, Y, Skinner, MA, Sôma, M, Stephens, AW, Storrs, A, Suggs, RM, Sugita, S, Sung, EC, Takatoh, N, Tarter, JC, Taylor, SM, Terada, H, Trujillo, CJ, Vaitheeswaran, V, Vilas, F, Walls, BD, Watanabe, JI, Welch, WJ, Woodward, CE, Yim, HS & Young, EF 2012, 'LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned', Space Science Reviews, vol. 167, no. 1-4, pp. 93-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

@article{0837493241b0415982b0151ce74e9f3e,

title = "LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned",

abstract = "NASA's LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) mission was designed to explore the nature of previously detected enhanced levels of hydrogen near the lunar poles. The LCROSS mission impacted the spent upper stage of the launch vehicle into a permanently shadowed region of the lunar surface to create an ejecta plume. The resultant impact crater and plume were then observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft as well as a cadre of telescopes on the Earth and in space to determine the nature of the materials contained within the permanently shadowed region. The Shepherding Spacecraft then became a second impactor which was also observed by multiple assets. The LCROSS Observation Campaign was a key component of the LCROSS mission. The goal of the Observation Campaign was to realize the scientific benefits of extending the LCROSS observations to multiple ground and space-based assets. This paper describes the LCROSS Observation Campaign and provides an overview of the Campaign coordination and logistics as well as a summary of the observation techniques utilized at a multitude of observatories. Lessons learned from the LCROSS Observation Campaign are also discussed to assist with the planning of future unique observing events.",

keywords = "Missions, Moon, Observations, Telescopes",

author = "Heldmann, {Jennifer L.} and Anthony Colaprete and Wooden, {Diane H.} and Ackermann, {Robert F.} and Acton, {David D.} and Backus, {Peter R.} and Vanessa Bailey and Ball, {Jesse G.} and Barott, {William C.} and Blair, {Samantha K.} and Buie, {Marc W.} and Shawn Callahan and Chanover, {Nancy J.} and Choi, {Young Jun} and Al Conrad and Coulson, {Dolores M.} and Crawford, {Kirk B.} and Russell DeHart and {De Pater}, Imke and Michael Disanti and Forster, {James R.} and Reiko Furusho and Tetsuharu Fuse and Tom Geballe and Gibson, {J. Duane} and David Goldstein and Gregory, {Stephen A.} and Gutierrez, {David J.} and Hamilton, {Ryan T.} and Taiga Hamura and Harker, {David E.} and Harp, {Gerry R.} and Junichi Haruyama and Morag Hastie and Yutaka Hayano and Phillip Hinz and Hong, {Peng K.} and James, {Steven P.} and Toshihiko Kadono and Hideyo Kawakita and Kelley, {Michael S.} and Kim, {Daryl L.} and Kosuke Kurosawa and Lee, {Duk Hang} and Michael Long and Lucey, {Paul G.} and Keith Marach and Matulonis, {Anthony C.} and McDermid, {Richard M.} and Russet McMillan and Charles Miller and Moon, {Hong Kyu} and Ryosuke Nakamura and Hirotomo Noda and Natsuko Okamura and Lawrence Ong and Dallan Porter and Puschell, {Jeffery J.} and Rayner, {John T.} and Rembold, {J. Jedadiah} and Roth, {Katherine C.} and Rudy, {Richard J.} and Russell, {Ray W.} and Ryan, {Eileen V.} and Ryan, {William H.} and Tomohiko Sekiguchi and Yasuhito Sekine and Skinner, {Mark A.} and Mitsuru S{\^o}ma and Stephens, {Andrew W.} and Alex Storrs and Suggs, {Robert M.} and Seiji Sugita and Sung, {Eon Chang} and Naruhisa Takatoh and Tarter, {Jill C.} and Taylor, {Scott M.} and Hiroshi Terada and Trujillo, {Chadwick J.} and Vidhya Vaitheeswaran and Faith Vilas and Walls, {Brian D.} and Watanabe, {Jun Ihi} and Welch, {William J.} and Woodward, {Charles E.} and Yim, {Hong Suh} and Young, {Eliot F.}",

note = "Funding Information: Support for Hubble Space Telescope observations (program number HST-GO-11806.02-A) was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Many thanks to Tony Roman for help at all stages of planning and implementation of these observations. Funding Information: Acknowledgements The LCROSS mission was funded by NASA{\textquoteright}s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) at NASA Headquarters. The authors gratefully acknowledge NASA{\textquoteright}s ESMD and the LCROSS Project Office at NASA Ames Research Center for managing the LCROSS mission. NASA{\textquoteright}s Science Mission Directorate also supported the LCROSS Astronomer Workshop and science analysis of the data. The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) provided logistical support for both the LCROSS Site Selection and Astronomer workshops. NASA worked with USRA to provide support to several Astronomer teams for data collection, analysis, and data delivery to the Planetary Data System. In particular we thank Susie Slavney and Ed Guinness for assistance with archiving the ground-based observations within the Planetary Data System. We also thank each of the observatories and all of the individuals that supported the LCROSS Observation Campaign. Funding Information: The AEOS team is grateful to B. Hema and E. Agader, the telescope operators at AEOS. This work was partially supported by the Independent Research and Development program of The Aerospace Corporation. Funding Information: Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Minist{\'e}rio da Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog{\'i}a e Innovaci{\'o}n Productiva (Argentina). C.E.W. and D.E.H. also acknowledge support from the NSF (AST-0706980), and NASA through a grant to SWRI. Funding Information: The NMSU-NASA/MSFC team acknowledges the Universities Space Research Association, who supported the APO observations through contract number 03450-32. The NASA/MSFC team acknowledges partial support from the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office. The MMT Observatory is a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.",

year = "2012",

month = may,

doi = "10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "167",

pages = "93--140",

journal = "Space Science Reviews",

issn = "0038-6308",

publisher = "Springer Netherlands",

number = "1-4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign

T2 - Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned

AU - Heldmann, Jennifer L.

AU - Colaprete, Anthony

AU - Wooden, Diane H.

AU - Ackermann, Robert F.

AU - Acton, David D.

AU - Backus, Peter R.

AU - Bailey, Vanessa

AU - Ball, Jesse G.

AU - Barott, William C.

AU - Blair, Samantha K.

AU - Buie, Marc W.

AU - Callahan, Shawn

AU - Chanover, Nancy J.

AU - Choi, Young Jun

AU - Conrad, Al

AU - Coulson, Dolores M.

AU - Crawford, Kirk B.

AU - DeHart, Russell

AU - De Pater, Imke

AU - Disanti, Michael

AU - Forster, James R.

AU - Furusho, Reiko

AU - Fuse, Tetsuharu

AU - Geballe, Tom

AU - Gibson, J. Duane

AU - Goldstein, David

AU - Gregory, Stephen A.

AU - Gutierrez, David J.

AU - Hamilton, Ryan T.

AU - Hamura, Taiga

AU - Harker, David E.

AU - Harp, Gerry R.

AU - Haruyama, Junichi

AU - Hastie, Morag

AU - Hayano, Yutaka

AU - Hinz, Phillip

AU - Hong, Peng K.

AU - James, Steven P.

AU - Kadono, Toshihiko

AU - Kawakita, Hideyo

AU - Kelley, Michael S.

AU - Kim, Daryl L.

AU - Kurosawa, Kosuke

AU - Lee, Duk Hang

AU - Long, Michael

AU - Lucey, Paul G.

AU - Marach, Keith

AU - Matulonis, Anthony C.

AU - McDermid, Richard M.

AU - McMillan, Russet

AU - Miller, Charles

AU - Moon, Hong Kyu

AU - Nakamura, Ryosuke

AU - Noda, Hirotomo

AU - Okamura, Natsuko

AU - Ong, Lawrence

AU - Porter, Dallan

AU - Puschell, Jeffery J.

AU - Rayner, John T.

AU - Rembold, J. Jedadiah

AU - Roth, Katherine C.

AU - Rudy, Richard J.

AU - Russell, Ray W.

AU - Ryan, Eileen V.

AU - Ryan, William H.

AU - Sekiguchi, Tomohiko

AU - Sekine, Yasuhito

AU - Skinner, Mark A.

AU - Sôma, Mitsuru

AU - Stephens, Andrew W.

AU - Storrs, Alex

AU - Suggs, Robert M.

AU - Sugita, Seiji

AU - Sung, Eon Chang

AU - Takatoh, Naruhisa

AU - Tarter, Jill C.

AU - Taylor, Scott M.

AU - Terada, Hiroshi

AU - Trujillo, Chadwick J.

AU - Vaitheeswaran, Vidhya

AU - Vilas, Faith

AU - Walls, Brian D.

AU - Watanabe, Jun Ihi

AU - Welch, William J.

AU - Woodward, Charles E.

AU - Yim, Hong Suh

AU - Young, Eliot F.

N1 - Funding Information: Support for Hubble Space Telescope observations (program number HST-GO-11806.02-A) was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Many thanks to Tony Roman for help at all stages of planning and implementation of these observations. Funding Information: Acknowledgements The LCROSS mission was funded by NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) at NASA Headquarters. The authors gratefully acknowledge NASA’s ESMD and the LCROSS Project Office at NASA Ames Research Center for managing the LCROSS mission. NASA’s Science Mission Directorate also supported the LCROSS Astronomer Workshop and science analysis of the data. The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) provided logistical support for both the LCROSS Site Selection and Astronomer workshops. NASA worked with USRA to provide support to several Astronomer teams for data collection, analysis, and data delivery to the Planetary Data System. In particular we thank Susie Slavney and Ed Guinness for assistance with archiving the ground-based observations within the Planetary Data System. We also thank each of the observatories and all of the individuals that supported the LCROSS Observation Campaign. Funding Information: The AEOS team is grateful to B. Hema and E. Agader, the telescope operators at AEOS. This work was partially supported by the Independent Research and Development program of The Aerospace Corporation. Funding Information: Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina). C.E.W. and D.E.H. also acknowledge support from the NSF (AST-0706980), and NASA through a grant to SWRI. Funding Information: The NMSU-NASA/MSFC team acknowledges the Universities Space Research Association, who supported the APO observations through contract number 03450-32. The NASA/MSFC team acknowledges partial support from the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office. The MMT Observatory is a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.

PY - 2012/5

Y1 - 2012/5

N2 - NASA's LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) mission was designed to explore the nature of previously detected enhanced levels of hydrogen near the lunar poles. The LCROSS mission impacted the spent upper stage of the launch vehicle into a permanently shadowed region of the lunar surface to create an ejecta plume. The resultant impact crater and plume were then observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft as well as a cadre of telescopes on the Earth and in space to determine the nature of the materials contained within the permanently shadowed region. The Shepherding Spacecraft then became a second impactor which was also observed by multiple assets. The LCROSS Observation Campaign was a key component of the LCROSS mission. The goal of the Observation Campaign was to realize the scientific benefits of extending the LCROSS observations to multiple ground and space-based assets. This paper describes the LCROSS Observation Campaign and provides an overview of the Campaign coordination and logistics as well as a summary of the observation techniques utilized at a multitude of observatories. Lessons learned from the LCROSS Observation Campaign are also discussed to assist with the planning of future unique observing events.

AB - NASA's LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) mission was designed to explore the nature of previously detected enhanced levels of hydrogen near the lunar poles. The LCROSS mission impacted the spent upper stage of the launch vehicle into a permanently shadowed region of the lunar surface to create an ejecta plume. The resultant impact crater and plume were then observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft as well as a cadre of telescopes on the Earth and in space to determine the nature of the materials contained within the permanently shadowed region. The Shepherding Spacecraft then became a second impactor which was also observed by multiple assets. The LCROSS Observation Campaign was a key component of the LCROSS mission. The goal of the Observation Campaign was to realize the scientific benefits of extending the LCROSS observations to multiple ground and space-based assets. This paper describes the LCROSS Observation Campaign and provides an overview of the Campaign coordination and logistics as well as a summary of the observation techniques utilized at a multitude of observatories. Lessons learned from the LCROSS Observation Campaign are also discussed to assist with the planning of future unique observing events.

KW - Missions

KW - Moon

KW - Observations

KW - Telescopes

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84861654857&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84861654857&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

DO - 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:84861654857

SN - 0038-6308

VL - 167

SP - 93

EP - 140

JO - Space Science Reviews

JF - Space Science Reviews

IS - 1-4

ER -

LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation campaign: Strategies, implementation, and lessons learned

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