Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: A nationwide study

Natalie M. Papini, Emily Presseller, Cynthia M. Bulik, Katrine Holde, Janne T. Larsen, Laura M. Thornton, Clara Albiñana, Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson, Preben B. Mortensen, Zeynep Yilmaz, Liselotte V. Petersen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated. Methods Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers. Results Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2073-2086
Number of pages14
JournalPsychological Medicine
Volume54
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2024

Keywords

  • anorexia nervosa
  • epidemiology
  • genetics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Applied Psychology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health

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