TY - JOUR
T1 - Integrated reference cavity with dual-mode optical thermometry for frequency correction
AU - Zhao, Qiancheng
AU - Harrington, Mark W.
AU - Isichenko, Andrei
AU - Liu, Kaikai
AU - Behunin, Ryan O.
AU - Papp, Scott B.
AU - Rakich, Peter T.
AU - Hoyt, Chad W.
AU - Fertig, Chad
AU - Blumenthal, Daniel J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgment. The authors would like to thank Naijun Jin from Yale University for constructive discussions on dual-mode optical thermometry system modeling, and Luke Theogarajan and Akshar Jain from the University of California at Santa Barbara for providing test equipment. A portion of the work was performed in the UCSB Nanofabrication Facility, an open access laboratory. Andrei Isichenko acknowledges support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies of DARPA, ARPA-E, or the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.
Funding Information:
Advanced Research Projects Agency?Energy (DE-AR0001042); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (FA9453-19-C-0030).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Photonic integrated resonators have advantages over traditional benchtop cavities in terms of size, weight, and cost with the potential to enable applications that require spectrally pure light. However, integrated resonators suffer from temperature-dependent frequency variations and are sensitive to external environmental perturbations, which hinders their usage in precision frequency applications. One solution is to use interrogation of the cavity temperature through dual-mode optical thermometry (DMOT) by measuring the shift of the resonance frequency difference between two polarization or optical frequency modes. Yet this approach has only been demonstrated in bulk-optic whispering gallery mode and fiber resonators. In this paper, we implement dual-mode optical thermometry in an ultra-high Q integrated silicon nitride resonator. A dual-mode resonance frequency difference temperature sensitivity of 188 ± 15 MHz/K is measured. We demonstrate feedforward DMOT frequency correction that, under an applied external temperature ramp, is able to reduce the optical frequency change to 0.31 kHz/s as compared to an uncorrected 10.03 kHz/s, a factor of 30× reduction. These results show promise for on-chip frequency correction solutions for quantum, metrology, atomic, and coherent optical communications applications.
AB - Photonic integrated resonators have advantages over traditional benchtop cavities in terms of size, weight, and cost with the potential to enable applications that require spectrally pure light. However, integrated resonators suffer from temperature-dependent frequency variations and are sensitive to external environmental perturbations, which hinders their usage in precision frequency applications. One solution is to use interrogation of the cavity temperature through dual-mode optical thermometry (DMOT) by measuring the shift of the resonance frequency difference between two polarization or optical frequency modes. Yet this approach has only been demonstrated in bulk-optic whispering gallery mode and fiber resonators. In this paper, we implement dual-mode optical thermometry in an ultra-high Q integrated silicon nitride resonator. A dual-mode resonance frequency difference temperature sensitivity of 188 ± 15 MHz/K is measured. We demonstrate feedforward DMOT frequency correction that, under an applied external temperature ramp, is able to reduce the optical frequency change to 0.31 kHz/s as compared to an uncorrected 10.03 kHz/s, a factor of 30× reduction. These results show promise for on-chip frequency correction solutions for quantum, metrology, atomic, and coherent optical communications applications.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120377862&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85120377862&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1364/OPTICA.432194
DO - 10.1364/OPTICA.432194
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85120377862
VL - 8
SP - 1481
EP - 1487
JO - Optica
JF - Optica
SN - 2334-2536
IS - 11
ER -