InceptionTime: Finding AlexNet for time series classification

Hassan Ismail Fawaz, Benjamin Lucas, Germain Forestier, Charlotte Pelletier, Daniel F. Schmidt, Jonathan Weber, Geoffrey I. Webb, Lhassane Idoumghar, Pierre Alain Muller, François Petitjean

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

840 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper brings deep learning at the forefront of research into time series classification (TSC). TSC is the area of machine learning tasked with the categorization (or labelling) of time series. The last few decades of work in this area have led to significant progress in the accuracy of classifiers, with the state of the art now represented by the HIVE-COTE algorithm. While extremely accurate, HIVE-COTE cannot be applied to many real-world datasets because of its high training time complexity in O(N2· T4) for a dataset with N time series of length T. For example, it takes HIVE-COTE more than 8 days to learn from a small dataset with N= 1500 time series of short length T= 46. Meanwhile deep learning has received enormous attention because of its high accuracy and scalability. Recent approaches to deep learning for TSC have been scalable, but less accurate than HIVE-COTE. We introduce InceptionTime—an ensemble of deep Convolutional Neural Network models, inspired by the Inception-v4 architecture. Our experiments show that InceptionTime is on par with HIVE-COTE in terms of accuracy while being much more scalable: not only can it learn from 1500 time series in one hour but it can also learn from 8M time series in 13 h, a quantity of data that is fully out of reach of HIVE-COTE.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1936-1962
Number of pages27
JournalData Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Volume34
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Deep learning
  • Inception
  • Scalable model
  • Time series classification

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Information Systems
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Computer Networks and Communications

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'InceptionTime: Finding AlexNet for time series classification'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this