Implications of newly-formed seed-dispersal mutualisms between birds and introduced plants in northern California, USA

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• mutualism 100%
• seed dispersal 94%
• bird 61%
• invasiveness 32%
• fruit 29%
• plant species 26%
• seed 12%
• frugivory 12%
• removal 11%
• niche overlap 10%
• fruiting 10%
• native species 7%
• population size 7%
• niche 7%
• predator 6%

Agriculture & Biology

• mutualism 86%
• introduced plants 83%
• seed dispersal 80%
• birds 44%
• fruits 17%
• Heteromeles salicifolia 13%
• niches 12%
• Ligustrum lucidum 11%
• Triadica sebifera 11%
• species dispersal 10%
• Olea europaea 8%
• seeds 7%
• population size 6%
• fruiting 6%
• indigenous species 6%
• foraging 5%
• predators 5%