TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of Climatic Variation on the Growth of Black Spruce Across the Forest-Tundra Ecotone
T2 - Positive Effects of Warm Growing Seasons and Heat Waves Are Offset by Late Spring Frosts
AU - Moreau, Guillaume
AU - Chagnon, Catherine
AU - Auty, David
AU - Caspersen, John
AU - Achim, Alexis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Moreau, Chagnon, Auty, Caspersen and Achim.
PY - 2020/12/22
Y1 - 2020/12/22
N2 - Climate strongly limits the physiological processes of trees near their range limits, leading to increased growth sensitivity. Northeastern North America is experiencing considerable warming, so the growth of trees near the northern treeline represents a key indicator of forest responses to climate change. However, tree-ring series and corresponding climatic data are scarce across the forest-tundra ecotone when compared to southern boreal regions, resulting in fewer studies on growth-climate relationships focused on this ecotone. Using daily climatic data, we identified trends in growing season heat accumulation and the intensity of acute climatic events over the last several decades in the southern and the northern parts of the forest-tundra ecotone in northeastern North America, and investigated their influence on black spruce radial growth. We found that black spruce trees responded positively to the increase in growing season temperatures and heat wave intensity, suggesting that growth is currently limited by suboptimal temperatures. While tree growth in the southern region generally benefited from warm spring temperatures, vulnerability to late spring frosts reduced tree growth in the northern region and increased probability of abrupt growth decline. In this region, late spring frosts offset approximately half of the additional growth that would otherwise occur over the course of a warm growing season. This vulnerability of northern trees may result from local adaptations to short growing seasons, which initiate biological activities at colder temperatures in the spring. Overall, our results highlight the need to explicitly incorporate acute climatic events into modeling efforts in order to refine our understanding of the impact of climate change on forest dynamics.
AB - Climate strongly limits the physiological processes of trees near their range limits, leading to increased growth sensitivity. Northeastern North America is experiencing considerable warming, so the growth of trees near the northern treeline represents a key indicator of forest responses to climate change. However, tree-ring series and corresponding climatic data are scarce across the forest-tundra ecotone when compared to southern boreal regions, resulting in fewer studies on growth-climate relationships focused on this ecotone. Using daily climatic data, we identified trends in growing season heat accumulation and the intensity of acute climatic events over the last several decades in the southern and the northern parts of the forest-tundra ecotone in northeastern North America, and investigated their influence on black spruce radial growth. We found that black spruce trees responded positively to the increase in growing season temperatures and heat wave intensity, suggesting that growth is currently limited by suboptimal temperatures. While tree growth in the southern region generally benefited from warm spring temperatures, vulnerability to late spring frosts reduced tree growth in the northern region and increased probability of abrupt growth decline. In this region, late spring frosts offset approximately half of the additional growth that would otherwise occur over the course of a warm growing season. This vulnerability of northern trees may result from local adaptations to short growing seasons, which initiate biological activities at colder temperatures in the spring. Overall, our results highlight the need to explicitly incorporate acute climatic events into modeling efforts in order to refine our understanding of the impact of climate change on forest dynamics.
KW - Northern Quebec and Labrador
KW - Nunavik
KW - black spruce–lichen forests
KW - climate warming
KW - cold wave
KW - frost injuries
KW - growth-climate relationships
KW - heat wave
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U2 - 10.3389/ffgc.2020.613523
DO - 10.3389/ffgc.2020.613523
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099655844
SN - 2624-893X
VL - 3
JO - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
JF - Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
M1 - 613523
ER -