TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of a toluene-degrading bacterium from a soil sample through H 2 18O DNA stable isotope probing
AU - Woods, Angela
AU - Watwood, Maribeth
AU - Schwartz, Egbert
PY - 2011/9/1
Y1 - 2011/9/1
N2 - DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with H 2 18O was used to identify a toluene-degrading bacterium in soil amended with 48 ppm toluene. After quantification of toluene degradation rates in soil, DNA was extracted from soil incubated with H 2 18O, H 2 16O, H 2 16O and 48 ppm toluene, or H 2 18O and 48 ppm toluene. A single DNA band formed along a cesium chloride gradient after isopycnic centrifugation of extracts from soils incubated with H 2 16O. With extracts from soils to which only H 2 18O was added, two distinct DNA bands formed, while three bands formed when DNA extracted from soil incubated with both H 2 18O and toluene was analyzed. We suggest that this third band formed because toluene does not contain any oxygen atoms and toluene-degrading organisms had to transfer oxygen atoms from H 2 18O into metabolic intermediates to form nucleic acids de novo. We extracted the third DNA band and amplified a large fraction of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR product obtained from the labeled DNA, as well as cloned 16S rRNA amplicons, identified a known toluene degrader, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. A toluene-degrading bacterial strain was subsequently isolated from soil and shown to be Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the abundance of the 16S rRNA gene of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 increased in soil after toluene exposure but not in soils from which toluene was withheld. This study indicates that H 2 18O DNA-SIP can be a useful method for identifying pollutant-degrading bacteria in soil.
AB - DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with H 2 18O was used to identify a toluene-degrading bacterium in soil amended with 48 ppm toluene. After quantification of toluene degradation rates in soil, DNA was extracted from soil incubated with H 2 18O, H 2 16O, H 2 16O and 48 ppm toluene, or H 2 18O and 48 ppm toluene. A single DNA band formed along a cesium chloride gradient after isopycnic centrifugation of extracts from soils incubated with H 2 16O. With extracts from soils to which only H 2 18O was added, two distinct DNA bands formed, while three bands formed when DNA extracted from soil incubated with both H 2 18O and toluene was analyzed. We suggest that this third band formed because toluene does not contain any oxygen atoms and toluene-degrading organisms had to transfer oxygen atoms from H 2 18O into metabolic intermediates to form nucleic acids de novo. We extracted the third DNA band and amplified a large fraction of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR product obtained from the labeled DNA, as well as cloned 16S rRNA amplicons, identified a known toluene degrader, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. A toluene-degrading bacterial strain was subsequently isolated from soil and shown to be Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the abundance of the 16S rRNA gene of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 increased in soil after toluene exposure but not in soils from which toluene was withheld. This study indicates that H 2 18O DNA-SIP can be a useful method for identifying pollutant-degrading bacteria in soil.
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U2 - 10.1128/AEM.05689-11
DO - 10.1128/AEM.05689-11
M3 - Article
C2 - 21742928
AN - SCOPUS:80052720880
SN - 0099-2240
VL - 77
SP - 5995
EP - 5999
JO - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
IS - 17
ER -