@article{8a73d54ddefb4a8eb5901eeef0e71fef,
title = "Genotypic confirmation of a biased phenotypic sex ratio in a dryland moss using restriction fragment length polymorphisms",
abstract = "Premise: In dioicous mosses, sex is determined by a single U (female, ♀) or V (male, ♂) chromosome. Although a 1 : 1 sex ratio is expected following meiosis, phenotypic sex ratios based on the production of gametangia are often female-biased. The dryland moss Syntrichia caninervis (Pottiaceae) is notable for its low frequency of sex expression and strong phenotypic female bias. Here we present a technique to determine genotypic sex in a single shoot of S. caninervis, and report results of a case study examining genotypic and phenotypic sex ratios. Methods: We reanalyzed 271 non-expressing gametophyte shoots from a previous study on S. caninervis sex expression across microhabitats using a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: We recovered a genotypic sex ratio in non-expressing shoots of 18.4♀ : 1♂, which exceeds the female bias of the phenotypic ratio (5.3♀ : 1♂; P = 0.013). We also found that the distribution of male and female genotypes across microsites with different levels of sun exposure was not predicted by patterns of sex expression in these microsites. Discussion: These findings contribute to our understanding of how the environment may modulate sex ratios in S. caninervis, either through its direct influence on sex expression or through selection on genotypes with particular sex expression phenotypes.",
keywords = "Syntrichia, bryophyte, desert, dryland, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sex chromosome, sex ratio",
author = "Ekwealor, {Jenna T.B.} and Benjamin, {Simone D.} and Jomsky, {Jordan Z.} and Bowker, {Matthew A.} and Stark, {Lloyd R.} and McLetchie, {D. Nicholas} and Mishler, {Brent D.} and Fisher, {Kirsten M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Sonia Nosratinia (University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) for her assistance in setting up and troubleshooting the laboratory work, Jose Adame Medina (Biotech Partners internship program, Berkeley High School) for his invaluable assistance in carrying out the laboratory work, H?lo?se Carion and Easha Sagar (Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program, University of California, Berkeley) for their assistance in troubleshooting and optimizing the protocol, Stuart F. McDaniel (Department of Biology, University of Florida) for help with identifying the U and V homologs used in this protocol, Carrie M. Tribble (Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at M?noa) for her comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, Michael R. May (Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) for his help in conceptualizing statistical implications of these findings, Carl J. Rothfels (University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) and his lab group for their feedback and suggestions on Figure?1, and the 3DMoss research group for their support and feedback throughout this project. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity award (DEB-1638996 to K.M.F., DEB-1638966 to M.A.B., DEB-1638943 to L.R.S., and DEB-1638956 to B.D.M.), the University of California, Berkeley Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (to J.Z.J.), a University of California, Berkeley Fellowship (to J.T.B.E.), and a University of California, Berkeley Pinto-Fialon Fellowship (to J.T.B.E.). Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Sonia Nosratinia (University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) for her assistance in setting up and troubleshooting the laboratory work, Jose Adame Medina (Biotech Partners internship program, Berkeley High School) for his invaluable assistance in carrying out the laboratory work, H{\'e}lo{\"i}se Carion and Easha Sagar (Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program, University of California, Berkeley) for their assistance in troubleshooting and optimizing the protocol, Stuart F. McDaniel (Department of Biology, University of Florida) for help with identifying the U and V homologs used in this protocol, Carrie M. Tribble (Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa) for her comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, Michael R. May (Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) for his help in conceptualizing statistical implications of these findings, Carl J. Rothfels (University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley) and his lab group for their feedback and suggestions on Figure 1 , and the 3DMoss research group for their support and feedback throughout this project. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity award (DEB‐1638996 to K.M.F., DEB‐1638966 to M.A.B., DEB‐1638943 to L.R.S., and DEB‐1638956 to B.D.M.), the University of California, Berkeley Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (to J.Z.J.), a University of California, Berkeley Fellowship (to J.T.B.E.), and a University of California, Berkeley Pinto‐Fialon Fellowship (to J.T.B.E.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Applications in Plant Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/aps3.11467",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Applications in Plant Sciences",
issn = "2168-0450",
publisher = "Botanical Society of America Inc.",
number = "2",
}