@article{b6f87d9941184301944ede6a7ed92fa4,
title = "Fluxes of Atmospheric Greenhouse-Gases in Maryland (FLAGG-MD): Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in the Baltimore, MD-Washington, D.C. Area",
abstract = "To study emissions of CO2 in the Baltimore, MD-Washington, D.C. (Balt-Wash) area, an aircraft campaign was conducted in February 2015, as part of the Fluxes of Atmospheric Greenhouse-Gases in Maryland (FLAGG-MD) project. During the campaign, elevated mole fractions of CO2 were observed downwind of the urban center and local power plants. Upwind flight data and Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model analyses help account for the impact of emissions outside the Balt-Wash area. The accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of CO2 emissions estimates based on the mass balance approach were assessed for both power plants and cities. Our estimates of CO2 emissions from two local power plants agree well with their Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) records. For the 16 power plant plumes captured by the aircraft, the mean percentage difference of CO2 emissions was -0.3%. For the Balt-Wash area as a whole, the 1σ CO2 emission rate uncertainty for any individual aircraft-based mass balance approach experiment was ±38%. Treating the mass balance experiments, which were repeated seven times within 9 days, as individual quantifications of the Balt-Wash CO2 emissions, the estimation uncertainty was ±16% (standard error of the mean at 95% CL). Our aircraft-based estimate was compared to various bottom-up fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emission inventories. Based on the FLAGG-MD aircraft observations, we estimate 1.9 ± 0.3 MtC of FFCO2 from the Balt-Wash area during the month of February 2015. The mean estimate of FFCO2 from the four bottom-up models was 2.2 ± 0.3 MtC.",
keywords = "Baltimore-Washington, DC, CO, aircraft campaign, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas, urban emissions",
author = "Ahn, {D. Y.} and Hansford, {J. R.} and Howe, {S. T.} and Ren, {X. R.} and Salawitch, {R. J.} and N. Zeng and Cohen, {M. D.} and B. Stunder and Salmon, {O. E.} and Shepson, {P. B.} and Gurney, {K. R.} and T. Oda and I. Lopez-Coto and J. Whetstone and Dickerson, {R. R.}",
note = "Funding Information: The FLAGG-MD project was funded and supported by NIST's Greenhouse Gas Measurements program. All aircraft observations data set used in this study are available online (https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/~flaggmd/); CarbonTracker CT2017 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website online (http://carbontracker.noaa.gov). The version of the ODIAC emission data product (ODIAC2018) is available from the Global Environmental Database hosted by the Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan (http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/). Tomohiro Oda is supported by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant no. NNX14AM76G). The version of ACES emission data (ACESv1) is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The version of the EDGAR emission data (EDGARv4.3.2) is available online (http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432) (DOI: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2904/JRC_DATASET_EDGAR). Power plants emissions data set (Air Markets Program Data) used in this study is available from U.S. EPA AMPD website (https://ampd.epa.gov/ampd/). The authors are grateful to Wenze Yang at NOAA for providing NDVI (v1r12) data. We are also grateful for numerous helpful discussions with Anna Karion at NIST. Finally, we sincerely appreciate the helpful comments provided by Jocelyn Turnbull and an anonymous reviewer to the original submitted manuscript. Funding Information: The FLAGG‐MD project was funded and supported by NIST's Greenhouse Gas Measurements program. All aircraft observations data set used in this study are available online ( https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/~flaggmd/ ); CarbonTracker CT2017 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website online ( http://carbontracker.noaa.gov ). The version of the ODIAC emission data product (ODIAC2018) is available from the Global Environmental Database hosted by the Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan ( http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/ ). Tomohiro Oda is supported by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant no. NNX14AM76G). The version of ACES emission data (ACESv1) is available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The version of the EDGAR emission data (EDGARv4.3.2) is available online ( http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432 ) (DOI: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2904/JRC_DATASET_EDGAR ). Power plants emissions data set (Air Markets Program Data) used in this study is available from U.S. EPA AMPD website ( https://ampd.epa.gov/ampd/ ). The authors are grateful to Wenze Yang at NOAA for providing NDVI (v1r12) data. We are also grateful for numerous helpful discussions with Anna Karion at NIST. Finally, we sincerely appreciate the helpful comments provided by Jocelyn Turnbull and an anonymous reviewer to the original submitted manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2019JD032004",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "125",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres",
issn = "2169-897X",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "9",
}