TY - JOUR
T1 - Fire regimes shape diversity and traits of vegetation under different climatic conditions
AU - Fernández-García, Víctor
AU - Marcos, Elena
AU - Fulé, Peter Z.
AU - Reyes, Otilia
AU - Santana, Victor M.
AU - Calvo, Leonor
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities , and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the GESFIRE ( AGL2013-48189-C2-1-R ) and FIRESEVES ( AGL2017-86075-C2-1-R ) projects; and by the Regional Government of Castile and León in the framework of the FIRECYL ( LE033U14 ) and SEFIRECYL ( LE001P17 ) projects. Víctor Fernández-García was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports ( FPU14/00636 ). The statistical analysis was carried out by the senior author during a research stay at the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University (EST17/00170). We thank the editor and the three reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
This study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the GESFIRE (AGL2013-48189-C2-1-R) and FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-1-R) projects; and by the Regional Government of Castile and León in the framework of the FIRECYL (LE033U14) and SEFIRECYL (LE001P17) projects. Víctor Fernández-García was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU14/00636). The statistical analysis was carried out by the senior author during a research stay at the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University (EST17/00170). We thank the editor and the three reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/5/10
Y1 - 2020/5/10
N2 - Changes in climate and land use are altering fire regimes in many regions across the globe. This work aims to study the influence of wildfire recurrence and burn severity on woody community structure and plant functional traits under different environmental conditions. We selected three study sites along a Mediterranean-Oceanic climatic gradient, where we studied the fire history and burn severity of the last wildfire. Four years after the last wildfire, we established 1776 1-m2 plots where the percentage cover of each woody species was sampled. We calculated (i) structural parameters of the community such as total cover, alpha species richness, evenness and diversity (Shannon diversity index), and (ii) vegetation cover of each functional group (differentiating life forms, eco-physiological traits and regenerative traits). Focusing on community structure, results showed increases in species richness and diversity as wildfire recurrence increased, but this effect was partially counterweighted in the areas affected by high severity. In relation to functional groups, we found that increases in recurrence and severity fostered transition from tree- to shrub-dominated ecosystems. Non-arboreal life form, high specific leaf area, N2-fixing capacity, resprouting ability and heat-stimulated germination were advantageous traits under high recurrences and severities, and low seed mass was advantageous under high recurrence situations. We suggest that the strength of the effects of wildfire recurrence and burn severity on vegetation structure and traits might vary with climate, increasing from Oceanic to Mediterranean conditions. In the Mediterranean site, recurrence and severity were strongly related to traits associated with germination (seed mass and heat-stimulated germination), whereas in the Oceanic site the strongest relationships were found with a resprouting-related trait (bud location). This study identifies changes in vegetation structure and composition in scenarios of high recurrence and severity, and provides useful information on plant traits that could be key in enhancing vegetation resilience.
AB - Changes in climate and land use are altering fire regimes in many regions across the globe. This work aims to study the influence of wildfire recurrence and burn severity on woody community structure and plant functional traits under different environmental conditions. We selected three study sites along a Mediterranean-Oceanic climatic gradient, where we studied the fire history and burn severity of the last wildfire. Four years after the last wildfire, we established 1776 1-m2 plots where the percentage cover of each woody species was sampled. We calculated (i) structural parameters of the community such as total cover, alpha species richness, evenness and diversity (Shannon diversity index), and (ii) vegetation cover of each functional group (differentiating life forms, eco-physiological traits and regenerative traits). Focusing on community structure, results showed increases in species richness and diversity as wildfire recurrence increased, but this effect was partially counterweighted in the areas affected by high severity. In relation to functional groups, we found that increases in recurrence and severity fostered transition from tree- to shrub-dominated ecosystems. Non-arboreal life form, high specific leaf area, N2-fixing capacity, resprouting ability and heat-stimulated germination were advantageous traits under high recurrences and severities, and low seed mass was advantageous under high recurrence situations. We suggest that the strength of the effects of wildfire recurrence and burn severity on vegetation structure and traits might vary with climate, increasing from Oceanic to Mediterranean conditions. In the Mediterranean site, recurrence and severity were strongly related to traits associated with germination (seed mass and heat-stimulated germination), whereas in the Oceanic site the strongest relationships were found with a resprouting-related trait (bud location). This study identifies changes in vegetation structure and composition in scenarios of high recurrence and severity, and provides useful information on plant traits that could be key in enhancing vegetation resilience.
KW - Burn severity
KW - Community structure
KW - Eco-physiological traits
KW - Life forms
KW - Regenerative traits
KW - Wildfire recurrence
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137137
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137137
M3 - Article
C2 - 32059312
AN - SCOPUS:85079088766
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 716
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 137137
ER -