TY - JOUR
T1 - ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics
AU - Rifai, Sami W.
AU - Girardin, Cécile A.J.
AU - Berenguer, Erika
AU - Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon
AU - Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L.
AU - Doughty, Christopher E.
AU - Jeffery, Kathryn J.
AU - Moore, Sam
AU - Oliveras, Imma
AU - Riutta, Terhi
AU - Rowland, Lucy M.
AU - Murakami, Alejandro Araujo
AU - Addo-Danso, Shalom D.
AU - Brando, Paulo
AU - Burton, Chad
AU - Ondo, Fidèle Evouna
AU - Duah-Gyamfi, Akwasi
AU - Amézquita, Filio Farfán
AU - Freitag, Renata
AU - Pacha, Fernando Hancco
AU - Huasco, Walter Huaraca
AU - Ibrahim, Forzia
AU - Mbou, Armel T.
AU - Mihindou, Vianet Mihindou
AU - Peixoto, Karine S.
AU - Rocha, Wanderley
AU - Rossi, Liana C.
AU - Seixas, Marina
AU - Silva-Espejo, Javier E.
AU - Abernethy, Katharine A.
AU - Adu-Bredu, Stephen
AU - Barlow, Jos
AU - Da Costa, Antonio C.L.
AU - Marimon, Beatriz S.
AU - Marimon-Junior, Ben H.
AU - Meir, Patrick
AU - Metcalfe, Daniel B.
AU - Phillips, Oliver L.
AU - White, Lee J.T.
AU - Malhi, Yadvinder
N1 - Funding Information:
Data accessibility. Stand-level NPPstem used in this study will be uploaded as electronic supplementary material. Code, processed GEM data and predictive products are available at: git@gitlab. com:sw-rifai/El_Nino_StemNPP.git Authors’ contributions. S.W.R., C.A.J.G. and Y.M. designed the study. S.W.R. conducted the analyses, and wrote the manuscript with input from Y.M. and C.A.J.G. C.A.J.G., E.B., J.d.A.P., C.A.L.D., C.E.D., K.J.J., S..M., I.O., T.R., L.M.R., C.B. and D.B.M. contributed to the conception and design, implementation of the plots and acquisition of data for this study. A.A.M., P.B., S.D.A.-D., F.E.O., A.D.-G., F.F.A., R.F., F.H.P., W.H.H., F.I., A.T.M., V.M.M., K.S.P., W.R., L.C.R., M.S., J.E.S.-E., S.A.-B. are researchers in Peru, Brazil, Ghana and Gabon provided substantial contribution to the acquisition of data. K.A.A., J.B., A.C.L.d.C., J.F., B.S.M., B.H.M.-J., P.M. and L.J.T.W. are co-investigators who helped establish the long-term forestry inventory plots used in our study. These authors provided substantial contribution to the acquisition of data. Y.M. founded the GEM network that is the basis for this study, and is the Principal Investigator of this study. Competing Interests. S.W.R., C.A.J.G, C.B., C.A.L.D., E.B., I.O., T.R. and W.H.H. have either ongoing professional relationships or collaborations with L.E.O.C.A., L.R. and Y.M., who are guest editors of this issue. Funding. This work was primarily supported by UK Natural Environment Research Council grant no. NE/P001092/1 and a European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award (GEM-TRAIT, grant no. 321131) to Y.M., and a grant from The Nature
Funding Information:
This work was primarily supported by UK Natural Environment Research Council grant no. NE/P001092/1 and a European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award (GEM-TRAIT, grant no. 321131) to Y.M., and a grant from The Nature Conservancy-Oxford Martin School Climate Partnership supporting S.W.R. It also heavily uses previous data collection funded by NERC (NE/I014705/1 for African sites, NE/K016369/1 for Asian sites, NE/F005776/1, NE/K016385/1 and NE/J011002/1 for Amazonian sites), by CNPq (CNPQ grant no. 457914/2013-0/MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT/LBA/ESECAFLOR) and support for the Amazonian sites from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and for the Asian sites from the Sime Darby Foundation. The site in Nova Xavantina, Brazil was funded by grants from Project PELD-CNPq (403725/2012-7; 441244/2016-5); CNPq/PPBio (457602/2012-0); productivity grants (PQ-2) to B. H. Marimon-Junior and B. S. Marimon; Project USA-NAS/PEER (#PGA-2000005316) and Project ReFlor FAPEMAT 0589267/2016. The sites in Santarém, Brazil have been supported by Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Biodiversidade e Uso da Terra na Amazônia (CNPq 574008/2008-0), Empresa Brasi-leira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa (SEG: 02.08.06.005.00), the European Research Council (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 - Project 691053-ODYSSEA), the UK government Darwin Initiative (17-023), The Nature Conservancy, and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/F01614X/1, NE/G000816/1, NE/K016431/1 and NE/P004512/1). Y.M. is also supported by the Jackson Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/11/19
Y1 - 2018/11/19
N2 - Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high–temporal resolution dataset (for 1–13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr21, with an interannual range 1.96–2.26 Pg C yr21 between 1996–2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño–associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r ¼ 20.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
AB - Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high–temporal resolution dataset (for 1–13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr21, with an interannual range 1.96–2.26 Pg C yr21 between 1996–2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño–associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r ¼ 20.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
KW - Drought
KW - El Niño
KW - Meteorological anomalies
KW - Tropical forests
KW - Woody net primary production
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U2 - 10.1098/rstb.2017.0410
DO - 10.1098/rstb.2017.0410
M3 - Article
C2 - 30297475
AN - SCOPUS:85054776803
VL - 373
JO - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
SN - 0800-4622
IS - 1760
M1 - 20170410
ER -