@article{bc54fc202ed74c31a0357023823f9226,
title = "Enslaved African conjure and ritual deposits on the Hume Plantation, South Carolina",
abstract = "Twenty-one ritual deposits have been found in and around cabin sites along the slave street on the former Hume Plantation on Cat Island, South Carolina. Earliest deposits date back to the eighteenth century; however, evidence suggests ritual activity, known as conjure practices or hoodoo, continued after the Civil War among the emancipated Africans who chose to stay. The aim of this article is to present an alternative viewpoint that not all interpretations of enslaved African ritual activity or repurposed artifacts must be viewed through the lens of “resistance” but can be an expression of African agency to define new and multivariant spiritualties in light of changing identities, historical contexts, and value systems. These adaptations incorporated notions of social class and hierarchy as well as expanded spiritual symbolism from exposure to and interaction with Europeans and Native Americans. The result was a formation of religious syncretism.",
keywords = "conjure, enslaved Africans, hoodoo, Native Americans, ritual deposits, South Carolina",
author = "Moses, {Sharon K.}",
note = "Funding Information: To the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center; Jamie Dozier, biologist and project manager for the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and the Yawkey Wildlife Center; Jim Lee, education and outreach coordinator for the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Board; Northern Arizona University Faculty Grants Project for funding to conduct archival research and historical background information, and Shane Montgomery who converted the coordinates of the surface survey into a patterned image of the original location of the slave street cabins, you all have my profound thanks. Sean Taylor, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Heritage Trust Program State Archaeologist; Chris Judge, who shared his surface survey material of Cat Island with me in the early stages of my establishing the Hume Plantation Slave Street Project; and finally to the peer reviewers, including Anthony Boldurian, Editor of North American Archaeologist, who took the time to review this article and provided me with suggestions to help make it publication worthy, you have my deep appreciation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0197693118773252",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "131--164",
journal = "North American Archaeologist",
issn = "0197-6931",
publisher = "Baywood Publishing Co. Inc.",
number = "2",
}