Elevated Rocky Mountain elk numbers prevent positive effects of fire on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment

Agriculture & Biology

• Cervus canadensis nelsoni 100%
• elks 83%
• Populus tremuloides 79%
• species recruitment 55%
• browsing 46%
• refuge habitats 10%
• fire suppression 7%
• ecosystems 7%
• wildfires 6%
• Cervus elaphus 5%
• population growth 4%
• extinction 4%
• shrubs 4%
• herbivores 4%
• climate change 4%
• canopy 3%
• methodology 1%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• browsing 68%
• mountain 40%
• regeneration 18%
• refugium 15%
• effect 14%
• local extinction 8%
• ecosystem 8%
• refuge 7%
• herbivore 7%
• wildfire 7%
• shrub 6%
• canopy 5%
• North America 5%
• young 4%
• climate change 4%
• loss 3%
• experiment 2%
• method 1%