Effects of restoration thinning on presettlement Pinus ponderosa in northern Arizona

Agriculture & Biology

• Pinus ponderosa 100%
• thinning (plants) 84%
• xylem water potential 46%
• stand density 39%
• vigor 29%
• old-growth trees 26%
• volumetric water content 21%
• stand structure 20%
• nitrogen 18%
• coniferous forests 16%
• water uptake 14%
• buds 13%
• canopy 12%
• carbon 10%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• thinning 74%
• restoration 58%
• xylem 33%
• pine 33%
• vigor 33%
• effect 18%
• bud 16%
• stand structure 16%
• nitrogen 15%
• water 11%
• canopy 10%
• soil water 10%
• water content 10%
• carbon 7%
• rate 4%