TY - JOUR
T1 - Early Last Interglacial ocean warming drove substantial ice mass loss from Antarctica
AU - Turney, Chris S.M.
AU - Fogwill, Christopher J.
AU - Golledge, Nicholas R.
AU - McKay, Nicholas P.
AU - van Sebille, Erik
AU - Jones, Richard T.
AU - Etheridge, David
AU - Rubino, Mauro
AU - Thornton, David P.
AU - Davies, Siwan M.
AU - Ramsey, Christopher Bronk
AU - Thomas, Zoë A.
AU - Bird, Michael I.
AU - Munksgaard, Niels C.
AU - Kohno, Mika
AU - Woodward, John
AU - Winter, Kate
AU - Weyrich, Laura S.
AU - Rootes, Camilla M.
AU - Millman, Helen
AU - Albert, Paul G.
AU - Rivera, Andres
AU - van Ommen, Tas
AU - Curran, Mark
AU - Moy, Andrew
AU - Rahmstorf, Stefan
AU - Kawamura, Kenji
AU - Hillenbrand, Claus Dieter
AU - Weber, Michael E.
AU - Manning, Christina J.
AU - Young, Jennifer
AU - Cooper, Alan
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. C.S.M.T., C.J.F., M.I.B., A.C., and N.R.G. are supported by their respective Australian Research Council (ARC) and Royal Society of New Zealand fellowships. Fieldwork was undertaken under ARC Linkage Project (LP120200724), supported by Linkage Partner Antarctic Logistics and Expeditions. J.W. and K.W. undertook GPR survey of the Patriot Hills record through the Natural Environment Research Council Project (NE/I027576/1) with logistic field support from the British Antarctic Survey. S.M.D. acknowledges financial support from Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, the European Research Council, and the Fulbright Commission (259253 and FP7/2007-2013). K.K. was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (15KK0027 and 17H06320). We thank Dr. Chris Hayward and Dr. Gwydion Jones for electron microprobe assistance; Kathryn Lacey and Gareth James for help with preparing the tephra samples; Drs. Nelia Dunbar, Nels Iverson, and Andrei Kurbatov for discussions on the tephra correlations; CSIRO GASLAB personnel for support of gas analysis; Prof. Bill Sturges and Dr. Sam Allin of the Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK) for performing the sulfur hexafluoride analyses; Levke Caesar (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research) for preparing the recent trend in SSTs in Fig. 1; Vicki Taylor (British Ocean Sediment Core Research Facility, Southampton, UK) for assistance with marine core sampling; and Dr. Emilie Capron (British Antarctic Survey) for advice on reconstructing early southern LIG temperatures. We thank CSIRO’s contribution, which was supported in part by the Australian Climate Change Science Program, an Australian Government Initiative. We also acknowledge Johannes Sutter, Torsten Albrecht, and Jonathan Kingslake for advice and data on their model simulations. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that helped improve this manuscript.
Funding Information:
C.S.M.T., C.J.F., M.I.B., A.C., and N.R.G. are supported by their respective Australian Research Council (ARC) and Royal Society of New Zealand fellowships. Fieldwork was undertaken under ARC Linkage Project (LP120200724), supported by Linkage Partner Antarctic Logistics and Expeditions. J.W. and K.W. undertook GPR survey of the Patriot Hills record through the Natural Environment Research Council Project (NE/I027576/1) with logistic field support from the British Antarctic Survey. S.M.D. acknowledges financial support from Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, the European Research Council, and the Fulbright Commission (259253 and FP7/2007-2013). K.K. was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (15KK0027 and 17H06320). We thank Dr. Chris Hayward and Dr. Gwydion Jones for electron microprobe assistance; Kathryn Lacey and Gareth James for help with preparing the tephra samples; Drs. Nelia Dunbar, Nels Iverson, and Andrei Kurbatov for discussions on the tephra correlations; CSIRO GASLAB personnel for support of gas analysis; Prof. Bill Sturges and Dr. Sam Allin of the Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK) for performing the sulfur hexafluoride analyses; Levke Caesar (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research) for preparing the recent trend in SSTs in Fig. 1; Vicki Taylor (British Ocean Sediment Core Research Facility, Southampton, UK) for assistance with marine core sampling; and Dr. Emilie Capron (British Antarctic Survey) for advice on reconstructing early southern LIG temperatures. We thank CSIRO’s contribution, which was supported in part by the Australian Climate Change Science Program, an Australian Government Initiative. We also acknowledge Johannes Sutter, Torsten Albrecht, and Jonathan Kingslake for advice and data on their model simulations. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that helped improve this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2/25
Y1 - 2020/2/25
N2 - The future response of the Antarctic ice sheet to rising temperatures remains highly uncertain. A useful period for assessing the sensitivity of Antarctica to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG) (129 to 116 ky), which experienced warmer polar temperatures and higher global mean sea level (GMSL) (+6 to 9 m) relative to present day. LIG sea level cannot be fully explained by Greenland Ice Sheet melt (∼2 m), ocean thermal expansion, and melting mountain glaciers (∼1 m), suggesting substantial Antarctic mass loss was initiated by warming of Southern Ocean waters, resulting from a weakening Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in response to North Atlantic surface freshening. Here, we report a blue-ice record of ice sheet and environmental change from the Weddell Sea Embayment at the periphery of the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), which is underlain by major methane hydrate reserves. Constrained by a widespread volcanic horizon and supported by ancient microbial DNA analyses, we provide evidence for substantial mass loss across the Weddell Sea Embayment during the LIG, most likely driven by ocean warming and associated with destabilization of subglacial hydrates. Ice sheet modeling supports this interpretation and suggests that millennial-scale warming of the Southern Ocean could have triggered a multimeter rise in global sea levels. Our data indicate that Antarctica is highly vulnerable to projected increases in ocean temperatures and may drive ice–climate feedbacks that further amplify warming.
AB - The future response of the Antarctic ice sheet to rising temperatures remains highly uncertain. A useful period for assessing the sensitivity of Antarctica to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG) (129 to 116 ky), which experienced warmer polar temperatures and higher global mean sea level (GMSL) (+6 to 9 m) relative to present day. LIG sea level cannot be fully explained by Greenland Ice Sheet melt (∼2 m), ocean thermal expansion, and melting mountain glaciers (∼1 m), suggesting substantial Antarctic mass loss was initiated by warming of Southern Ocean waters, resulting from a weakening Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in response to North Atlantic surface freshening. Here, we report a blue-ice record of ice sheet and environmental change from the Weddell Sea Embayment at the periphery of the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), which is underlain by major methane hydrate reserves. Constrained by a widespread volcanic horizon and supported by ancient microbial DNA analyses, we provide evidence for substantial mass loss across the Weddell Sea Embayment during the LIG, most likely driven by ocean warming and associated with destabilization of subglacial hydrates. Ice sheet modeling supports this interpretation and suggests that millennial-scale warming of the Southern Ocean could have triggered a multimeter rise in global sea levels. Our data indicate that Antarctica is highly vulnerable to projected increases in ocean temperatures and may drive ice–climate feedbacks that further amplify warming.
KW - Antarctic ice sheets
KW - Marine ice sheet instability (MISI)
KW - Paleoclimatology
KW - Polar amplification
KW - Tipping element
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85080092726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85080092726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1902469117
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1902469117
M3 - Article
C2 - 32047039
AN - SCOPUS:85080092726
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 117
SP - 3996
EP - 4006
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 8
ER -