TY - JOUR
T1 - Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming
AU - Schadel, Christina
AU - Koven, Charles D.
AU - Lawrence, David M.
AU - Celis, Gerardo
AU - Garnello, Anthony J.
AU - Hutchings, Jack
AU - Mauritz, Marguerite
AU - Natali, Susan M.
AU - Pegoraro, Elaine
AU - Rodenhizer, Heidi
AU - Salmon, Verity G.
AU - Taylor, Meghan A.
AU - Webb, Elizabeth E.
AU - Wieder, William R.
AU - Schuur, Edward A.G.
N1 - Funding Information:
DML and CDK are supported by Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation Scientific Focus Area (RUBISCO SFA), which is sponsored by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) in the US. Department of Energy Office of Science. DML is supported by NSF Grant PLR-1304220.
Funding Information:
Supporting funding to CS and EAGS was provided by the National Science Foundation Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Grant #1331 083. Part of this work was based on support provided by the following programs: US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program, Award #DE-SC0006982 and updated with DE-SC0014085 (2015–2018); National Science Foundation CAREER program, Award #0747 195; National Parks Inventory and Monitoring Program; National Science Foundation Bonanza Creek LTER program, Award #1026 415; National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, Award #1203 777.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2018/10/2
Y1 - 2018/10/2
N2 - In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soils, however, warmer conditions could also lead to enhanced plant growth and C uptake. Field and modeling studies show high uncertainty in soil and plant responses to climate change but there have been few studies that reconcile field and model data to understand differences and reduce uncertainty. Here, we evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) from eight years of experimental soil warming in moist acidic tundra against equivalent fluxes from the Community Land Model during simulations parameterized to reflect the field conditions associated with this manipulative field experiment. Over the eight-year experimental period, soil temperatures and thaw depths increased with warming in field observations and model simulations. However, the field and model results do not agree on warming effects on water table depth; warming created wetter soils in the field and drier soils in the models. In the field, initial increases in growing season GPP, Reco, and NEE to experimentally-induced permafrost thaw created a higher C sink capacity in the first years followed by a stronger C source in years six through eight. In contrast, both models predicted linear increases in GPP, Reco, and NEE with warming. The divergence of model results from field experiments reveals the role subsidence, hydrology, and nutrient cycling play in influencing the C flux responses to permafrost thaw, a complexity that the models are not structurally able to predict, and highlight challenges associated with projecting C cycle dynamics across the Arctic.
AB - In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soils, however, warmer conditions could also lead to enhanced plant growth and C uptake. Field and modeling studies show high uncertainty in soil and plant responses to climate change but there have been few studies that reconcile field and model data to understand differences and reduce uncertainty. Here, we evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) from eight years of experimental soil warming in moist acidic tundra against equivalent fluxes from the Community Land Model during simulations parameterized to reflect the field conditions associated with this manipulative field experiment. Over the eight-year experimental period, soil temperatures and thaw depths increased with warming in field observations and model simulations. However, the field and model results do not agree on warming effects on water table depth; warming created wetter soils in the field and drier soils in the models. In the field, initial increases in growing season GPP, Reco, and NEE to experimentally-induced permafrost thaw created a higher C sink capacity in the first years followed by a stronger C source in years six through eight. In contrast, both models predicted linear increases in GPP, Reco, and NEE with warming. The divergence of model results from field experiments reveals the role subsidence, hydrology, and nutrient cycling play in influencing the C flux responses to permafrost thaw, a complexity that the models are not structurally able to predict, and highlight challenges associated with projecting C cycle dynamics across the Arctic.
KW - CLM
KW - ecosystem respiration
KW - gross primary productivity
KW - net ecosystem exchange
KW - thaw
KW - tundra
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U2 - 10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff
DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85055819644
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 13
JO - Environmental Research Letters
JF - Environmental Research Letters
IS - 10
M1 - 105002
ER -