Diffusion of Divalent Impurities from the Volume to the Surface in NaCl Crystals

M. J. Yacamán

doi:10.1002/pssb.2220560203

Diffusion of Divalent Impurities from the Volume to the Surface in NaCl Crystals

M. J. Yacamán

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

In NaCl: Ca²⁺, NaCl: Cd²⁺, and NaCl: Cu²⁺ crystals heated in air at temperatures of 400 to 450 °C during 6 to 12 h the impurities tend to migrate to the crystal surface. There the impurities react with air and a new phase is produced on the NaCl surface. Both, transmission and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the structure and characteristics of the new phase. It is found that for NaCl: Ca²⁺ and NaCl: Cd²⁺ the new phase corresponds to CaO and CdO, respectively. The phenomenon is discussed using the theory of a double electrical layer that arises in the vicinity of the surface in ionic crystals. However this theory can not explain it completely. Diffusion to the surface must be taken into account in every work that involves a thermal treatment of a ionic crystal containing divalent impurities.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	429-433
Number of pages	5
Journal	Physica Status Solidi (B): Basic Research
Volume	56
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2220560203
State	Published - Apr 1 1973
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics

Access to Document

10.1002/pssb.2220560203

Cite this

@article{dfcd6deabe374a3d91e27101fafdd7eb,

title = "Diffusion of Divalent Impurities from the Volume to the Surface in NaCl Crystals",

abstract = "In NaCl: Ca2+, NaCl: Cd2+, and NaCl: Cu2+ crystals heated in air at temperatures of 400 to 450 °C during 6 to 12 h the impurities tend to migrate to the crystal surface. There the impurities react with air and a new phase is produced on the NaCl surface. Both, transmission and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the structure and characteristics of the new phase. It is found that for NaCl: Ca2+ and NaCl: Cd2+ the new phase corresponds to CaO and CdO, respectively. The phenomenon is discussed using the theory of a double electrical layer that arises in the vicinity of the surface in ionic crystals. However this theory can not explain it completely. Diffusion to the surface must be taken into account in every work that involves a thermal treatment of a ionic crystal containing divalent impurities.",

author = "Yacam{\'a}n, {M. J.}",

year = "1973",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1002/pssb.2220560203",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "56",

pages = "429--433",

journal = "Physica Status Solidi (B): Basic Research",

issn = "0370-1972",

publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diffusion of Divalent Impurities from the Volume to the Surface in NaCl Crystals

AU - Yacamán, M. J.

PY - 1973/4/1

Y1 - 1973/4/1

N2 - In NaCl: Ca2+, NaCl: Cd2+, and NaCl: Cu2+ crystals heated in air at temperatures of 400 to 450 °C during 6 to 12 h the impurities tend to migrate to the crystal surface. There the impurities react with air and a new phase is produced on the NaCl surface. Both, transmission and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the structure and characteristics of the new phase. It is found that for NaCl: Ca2+ and NaCl: Cd2+ the new phase corresponds to CaO and CdO, respectively. The phenomenon is discussed using the theory of a double electrical layer that arises in the vicinity of the surface in ionic crystals. However this theory can not explain it completely. Diffusion to the surface must be taken into account in every work that involves a thermal treatment of a ionic crystal containing divalent impurities.

AB - In NaCl: Ca2+, NaCl: Cd2+, and NaCl: Cu2+ crystals heated in air at temperatures of 400 to 450 °C during 6 to 12 h the impurities tend to migrate to the crystal surface. There the impurities react with air and a new phase is produced on the NaCl surface. Both, transmission and scanning electron microscopy is used to study the structure and characteristics of the new phase. It is found that for NaCl: Ca2+ and NaCl: Cd2+ the new phase corresponds to CaO and CdO, respectively. The phenomenon is discussed using the theory of a double electrical layer that arises in the vicinity of the surface in ionic crystals. However this theory can not explain it completely. Diffusion to the surface must be taken into account in every work that involves a thermal treatment of a ionic crystal containing divalent impurities.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0015614334&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0015614334&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/pssb.2220560203

DO - 10.1002/pssb.2220560203

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0015614334

SN - 0370-1972

VL - 56

SP - 429

EP - 433

JO - Physica Status Solidi (B): Basic Research

JF - Physica Status Solidi (B): Basic Research

IS - 2

ER -

Diffusion of Divalent Impurities from the Volume to the Surface in NaCl Crystals

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this