Design of true random numbers generators with ternary physical unclonable functions

Memory based ternary physical unclonable functions contain cells with fuzzy states that are exploited to create multiple sources of physical randomness, and design true random numbers generators. A XOR compiler enhances the randomness of the binary data streams generated with such components, while a modulo-3 addition enhances the randomness of the native ternary data streams, also generated with the same method. Deviations from perfect randomness of these random numbers, in terms of probability to be non-random, was reported as low as 10-10 in the experimental section of this paper, which is considered as extremely random based on NIST criteria.