@article{af8e04501a7149ae83129bc1e125cb32,
title = "Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget",
abstract = "Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003–2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco − GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of −850 Tg CO2-C year−1. Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4-C year−1. Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.",
keywords = "Arctic-boreal, CH, CO, carbon budget, remote sensing, tundra, wetland",
author = "Watts, {Jennifer D.} and Mary Farina and Kimball, {John S.} and Schiferl, {Luke D.} and Zhihua Liu and Arndt, {Kyle A.} and Donatella Zona and Ashley Ballantyne and Euskirchen, {Eug{\'e}nie S.} and Parmentier, {Frans Jan W.} and Manuel Helbig and Oliver Sonnentag and Torbern Tagesson and Janne Rinne and Hiroki Ikawa and Masahito Ueyama and Hideki Kobayashi and Torsten Sachs and Nadeau, {Daniel F.} and John Kochendorfer and Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski and Anna Virkkala and Mika Aurela and Roisin Commane and Brendan Byrne and Leah Birch and Johnson, {Matthew S.} and Nima Madani and Brendan Rogers and Jinyang Du and Arthur Endsley and Kathleen Savage and Ben Poulter and Zhen Zhang and Bruhwiler, {Lori M.} and Miller, {Charles E.} and Scott Goetz and Oechel, {Walter C.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was part of the NASA Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). J.D.W. and M.F. were supported through funding from the NASA New Investigator Program (80NSSC18K0770) and Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST; 19‐EARTH20‐0105). J.D.W. and J.S.K. were supported through funding from Phase 1 of NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A). M.S.J. acknowledges funding from NASA's Interdisciplinary Research for Earth Science (IDS) Program and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Tropospheric Composition Programs. S.J.G. acknowledges NASA ABoVE grant 80NSSC19M0113. A.V. and J.D.W acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (8414). Contributions by J.K. were supported by NSF grant 1203583. B.B.'s research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D004). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High‐End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. Finally, we acknowledge data contributions from Rikie Suzuki and support from the NASA ABoVE community and our international collaborators. Funding Information: This study was part of the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). J.D.W. and M.F. were supported through funding from the NASA New Investigator Program (80NSSC18K0770) and Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST; 19-EARTH20-0105). J.D.W. and J.S.K. were supported through funding from Phase 1 of NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A). M.S.J. acknowledges funding from NASA's Interdisciplinary Research for Earth Science (IDS) Program and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology and Tropospheric Composition Programs. S.J.G. acknowledges NASA ABoVE grant 80NSSC19M0113. A.V. and J.D.W acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (8414). Contributions by J.K. were supported by NSF grant 1203583. B.B.'s research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D004). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center. Finally, we acknowledge data contributions from Rikie Suzuki and support from the NASA ABoVE community and our international collaborators. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1111/gcb.16553",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "1870--1889",
journal = "Global change biology",
issn = "1354-1013",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "7",
}