Biocrusts: Engineers and architects of surface soil properties, functions, and processes in dryland ecosystems

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• Africa 12%
• Antarctica 14%
• arid region 16%
• biodiversity 11%
• carbon fixation 20%
• climate change 9%
• cold region 19%
• cryptogam 25%
• disturbance 22%
• ecosystem 38%
• global change 32%
• ground cover 20%
• habitat 10%
• hydrology 13%
• land degradation 36%
• land use 10%
• limiting factor 33%
• mineral 9%
• rehabilitation 15%
• respiration 14%
• soil 27%
• soil carbon 16%
• soil degradation 19%
• soil erosion 15%
• soil property 57%
• soil surface 28%
• tolerance 14%
• trampling 21%
• vegetation 9%
• water 4%

Agriculture & Biology

• Antarctica 7%
• Argentina 5%
• arid lands 70%
• biocenosis 9%
• biodiversity 5%
• biological soil crusts 100%
• Brazil 4%
• carbon dioxide fixation 7%
• China 4%
• climate change 5%
• cold zones 8%
• cryptogams 10%
• ecosystems 49%
• engineers 69%
• global change 15%
• habitats 3%
• hydrology 8%
• Iceland 8%
• Iran 5%
• land degradation 18%
• land use 6%
• Mexico 5%
• microorganisms 4%
• minerals 4%
• Norway 6%
• rehabilitation (people) 8%
• soil 19%
• soil carbon 7%
• soil degradation 8%
• soil erosion 7%
• soil properties 65%
• South Africa 5%
• Spain 5%
• Sweden 6%
• vegetation 4%
• water 2%