Assessment of the Climate Trace global powerplant CO₂ emissions

Accurate estimation of planetary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the scale of individual emitting activities is a critical need for both scientific and policy applications. Powerplants represent the single largest and most concentrated form of global GHG emissions. Climate Trace, co-founded and promoted by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore, is a new effort using, in part, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to estimate asset-scale GHG emissions. Climate Trace recently released a database of global powerplant CO₂ emissions at the facility-scale that uses both AI and non-AI estimation approaches. However, no independent peer-reviewed assessment has been made of this important global emissions database. Here, we compare the Climate Trace powerplant CO₂ emissions to an atmospherically calibrated, multi-constraint estimate of powerplant CO₂ emissions in the United States. The 3.7% (65) of compared facilities that used an AI-based approach show a mean relative difference (MRD) of −1.1% (SD: 46.4%) in the year 2019. The 96.3% (1726) of the facilities that used a non-AI-based approach show a MRD of −50.0% (SD: 117.7%). Of the non-AI estimated facilities, 151 (8.7%) facilities agree to within ±20%. The large differences between Climate Trace and Vulcan-power emission estimates for these facilities is primarily caused by Climate Trace’ use of a national-mean power plant capacity factor (CF) which is a poor representation of the reported power plant CFs of individual US facilities and leads to very large errors at those same 1726 facilities.