Abstract
The use of molybdenum isotope data (δ 98Mo) from organic-rich shales to draw inferences concerning marine paleoredox conditions at a global scale is predicated upon the assumptions of (1) a residence time of Mo in seawater much greater than the ocean mixing time, and (2) quantitative removal of Mo from a strongly euxinic ([H 2S] aq>11μM) water column to the sediment, thus preserving the seawater δ 98Mo signature. In this study we analyze Mo isotopic variation in the Hushpuckney Shale, a 73-cm-thick unit representing the late transgressive to early regressive stages of a glacio-eustatic cyclothem (Swope Formation) deposited in the Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Sea (LPMS) of North America. The Hushpuckney can be subdivided into four stratigraphic zones of distinctive geochemical character. Zones I and III, which accumulated under weakly euxinic conditions, acquired relatively high δ 98Mo values (+0.9 to +1.1‰), whereas Zone II, which accumulated under intensely euxinic conditions, acquired lower δ 98Mo values (~+0.6‰). Zone IV, which accumulated under suboxic conditions in the water column, acquired the heaviest δ 98Mo values (+1.1 to +1.8‰). These results contrast with the pattern of redox - δ 98Mo covariation in modern marine environments, in which the heaviest δ 98Mo values are found in the most intensely euxinic facies.We evaluate three different hypotheses to account for the Mo isotopic patterns of the Hushpuckney Shale. One hypothesis, seawater-freshwater mixing, is rejected owing to isotopic mass balance considerations. A second hypothesis is a local control on δ 98Mo by water-column redox cycling of Mn, with particulate Mn-oxyhydroxides adsorbing isotopically light Mo and transferring it to the sediment, a process that was most active during deposition of Zone II. The significance of this scenario is that euxinic black shales may not reliably record global seawater δ 98Mo in areas where a Mn-particulate shuttle is operative. A third hypothesis is based on rapid secular variation of the Mo isotope composition of Late Pennsylvanian global seawater. In order to account for δ 98Mo trends within the Hushpuckney Shale, seawater δ 98Mo must have varied by ~1.2‰ at a ~100-kyr timescale, which would have been possible only if the residence time of Mo in Late Pennsylvanian seawater was <100kyr. Although both the second and third hypotheses are viable based on the present limited δ 98Mo dataset, we discuss how each model might be tested through additional Mo isotope data.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 87-98 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Chemical Geology |
Volume | 324-325 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 24 2012 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Black shale
- Cyclothem
- Epeiric sea
- Hushpuckney Shale
- Superestuarine circulation
- Swope Formation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geology
- Geochemistry and Petrology