An Analysis of Hardware Design of MLWE-Based Public-Key Encryption and Key-Establishment Algorithms

Tuy Tan Nguyen; Tram Thi Bao Nguyen; Hanho Lee

doi:10.3390/electronics11060891

An Analysis of Hardware Design of MLWE-Based Public-Key Encryption and Key-Establishment Algorithms

Tuy Tan Nguyen, Tram Thi Bao Nguyen, Hanho Lee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmetic operations in post-quantum cryptography. We then focus on analyzing the state-of-the-art hardware architecture designs of CRYSTALS-Kyber at different security levels, including hardware architectures for Kyber-512, Kyber768, and Kyber-1024. This analysis is dedicated to providing complete guidelines for selecting the most suitable CRYSTALS-Kyber hardware architecture to apply in post-quantum cryptography-based security systems in reality, with different requirements of security levels and hardware efficiency.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	891
Journal	Electronics (Switzerland)
Volume	11
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060891
State	Published - Mar 1 2022
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

CRYSTALS-Kyber
Key establishment
Module-LWE
Number theoretic transform (NTT)
Public-key encryption

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Control and Systems Engineering
Signal Processing
Hardware and Architecture
Computer Networks and Communications
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.3390/electronics11060891

Cite this

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title = "An Analysis of Hardware Design of MLWE-Based Public-Key Encryption and Key-Establishment Algorithms",

abstract = "This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmetic operations in post-quantum cryptography. We then focus on analyzing the state-of-the-art hardware architecture designs of CRYSTALS-Kyber at different security levels, including hardware architectures for Kyber-512, Kyber768, and Kyber-1024. This analysis is dedicated to providing complete guidelines for selecting the most suitable CRYSTALS-Kyber hardware architecture to apply in post-quantum cryptography-based security systems in reality, with different requirements of security levels and hardware efficiency.",

keywords = "CRYSTALS-Kyber, Key establishment, Module-LWE, Number theoretic transform (NTT), Public-key encryption",

author = "Nguyen, \{Tuy Tan\} and Nguyen, \{Tram Thi Bao\} and Hanho Lee",

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PY - 2022/3/1

Y1 - 2022/3/1

N2 - This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmetic operations in post-quantum cryptography. We then focus on analyzing the state-of-the-art hardware architecture designs of CRYSTALS-Kyber at different security levels, including hardware architectures for Kyber-512, Kyber768, and Kyber-1024. This analysis is dedicated to providing complete guidelines for selecting the most suitable CRYSTALS-Kyber hardware architecture to apply in post-quantum cryptography-based security systems in reality, with different requirements of security levels and hardware efficiency.

AB - This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmetic operations in post-quantum cryptography. We then focus on analyzing the state-of-the-art hardware architecture designs of CRYSTALS-Kyber at different security levels, including hardware architectures for Kyber-512, Kyber768, and Kyber-1024. This analysis is dedicated to providing complete guidelines for selecting the most suitable CRYSTALS-Kyber hardware architecture to apply in post-quantum cryptography-based security systems in reality, with different requirements of security levels and hardware efficiency.

KW - CRYSTALS-Kyber

KW - Key establishment

KW - Module-LWE

KW - Number theoretic transform (NTT)

KW - Public-key encryption

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An Analysis of Hardware Design of MLWE-Based Public-Key Encryption and Key-Establishment Algorithms

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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