TY - JOUR
T1 - A novel Sporothrix brasiliensis genomic variant in Midwestern Brazil
T2 - evidence for an older and wider sporotrichosis epidemic
AU - Eudes Filho, João
AU - Santos, Isabele Barbieri dos
AU - Reis, Carmélia Matos Santiago
AU - Patané, José Salvatore Leister
AU - Paredes, Verenice
AU - Bernardes, João Paulo Romualdo Alarcão
AU - Poggiani, Sabrina dos Santos Costa
AU - Castro, Talita de Cássia Borges
AU - Gomez, Oscar Mauricio
AU - Pereira, Sandro Antonio
AU - Schubach, Edvar Yuri Pacheco
AU - Gomes, Kamila Peres
AU - Mavengere, Heidi
AU - Alves, Lucas Gomes de Brito
AU - Lucas, Joaquim
AU - Paes, Hugo Costa
AU - Albuquerque, Patrícia
AU - Cruz, Laurício Monteiro
AU - McEwen, Juan G.
AU - Stajich, Jason E.
AU - Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo
AU - Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria
AU - Matute, Daniel R.
AU - Barker, Bridget M.
AU - Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares
AU - Teixeira, Marcus de Melo
AU - Nicola, André Moraes
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank to Jéssica S. Boechat and Manoel M. E. Oliveira (Fiocruz) for the technical support. A.M.N was funded by FAP-DF awards 0193.001048/2015-0193.001561/2017 and the CNPq grant 437484/2018-1. B.M.B. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases award R21AI28536. D.R.M. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences award R01GM121750. J.E.S. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases awards R01AI130128 and R01AI127548 and is a CIFAR Fellow in the program Fungal Kingdom: Threats and Opportunities. M.M.T was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) award 43460/2018-2. M.S.S.F was supported by FAP-DF (Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal) award 193.001.533/2016. S.A.P. was supported by FAPERJ, grant number E-26/202.737/2019.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank to J?ssica S. Boechat and Manoel M. E. Oliveira (Fiocruz) for the technical support. A.M.N was funded by FAP-DF awards 0193.001048/2015-0193.001561/2017 and the CNPq grant 437484/2018-1. B.M.B. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases award R21AI28536. D.R.M. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences award R01GM121750. J.E.S. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious awards R01AI130128 and R01AI127548 and is a CIFAR Fellow in the program Fungal Kingdom: Threats and Opportunities. M.M.T was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico) award 43460/2018-2. M.S.S.F was supported by FAP-DF (Funda??o de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal) award 193.001.533/2016. S.A.P. was supported by FAPERJ, grant number E-26/202.737/2019. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico. Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa do Distrito Federal. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The authors would like to thank to J?ssica S. Boechat and Manoel M. E. Oliveira (Fiocruz) for the technical support. A.M.N was funded by FAP-DF awards 0193.001048/2015-0193.001561/2017 and the CNPq grant 437484/2018-1. B.M.B. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases award R21AI28536. D.R.M. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences award R01GM121750. J.E.S. was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases awards R01AI130128 and R01AI127548 and is a CIFAR Fellow in the program Fungal Kingdom: Threats and Opportunities. M.M.T was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico) award 43460/2018-2. M.S.S.F was supported by FAP-DF (Funda??o de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal) award 193.001.533/2016. S.A.P. was supported by FAPERJ, grant number E-26/202.737/2019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus Sporothrix. It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis, centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our observation of feline sporotrichosis cases in Brasília (Midwestern Brazil), around 900 km away from Rio de Janeiro, led us to question whether the epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis has spread from the epicentre in Rio de Janeiro, emerged independently in the two locations, or if the disease has been present and unrecognized in Midwestern Brazil. A retrospective analysis of 91 human and 4 animal cases from Brasília, ranging from 1993 to 2018, suggests the occurrence of both sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. Molecular typing of the calmodulin locus identified S. schenckii as the agent in two animals and all seven human patients from which we were able to recover clinical isolates. In two other animals, the disease was caused by S. brasiliensis. Whole-genome sequence typing of seven Sporothrix spp. strains from Brasília and Rio de Janeiro suggests that S. brasiliensis isolates from Brasília are genetically distinct from those obtained at the epicentre of the outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, both in phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. The two S. brasiliensis populations seem to have separated between 2.2 and 3.1 million years ago, indicating independent outbreaks or that the zoonotic S. brasiliensis outbreak might have started earlier and be more widespread in South America than previously recognized.
AB - Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus Sporothrix. It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis, centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our observation of feline sporotrichosis cases in Brasília (Midwestern Brazil), around 900 km away from Rio de Janeiro, led us to question whether the epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis has spread from the epicentre in Rio de Janeiro, emerged independently in the two locations, or if the disease has been present and unrecognized in Midwestern Brazil. A retrospective analysis of 91 human and 4 animal cases from Brasília, ranging from 1993 to 2018, suggests the occurrence of both sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. Molecular typing of the calmodulin locus identified S. schenckii as the agent in two animals and all seven human patients from which we were able to recover clinical isolates. In two other animals, the disease was caused by S. brasiliensis. Whole-genome sequence typing of seven Sporothrix spp. strains from Brasília and Rio de Janeiro suggests that S. brasiliensis isolates from Brasília are genetically distinct from those obtained at the epicentre of the outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, both in phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. The two S. brasiliensis populations seem to have separated between 2.2 and 3.1 million years ago, indicating independent outbreaks or that the zoonotic S. brasiliensis outbreak might have started earlier and be more widespread in South America than previously recognized.
KW - Brasília
KW - Sporothrix
KW - Sporothrix brasiliensis
KW - Sporothrix schenckii
KW - sporotrichosis
KW - zoonotic transmission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097083971&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85097083971&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/22221751.2020.1847001
DO - 10.1080/22221751.2020.1847001
M3 - Article
C2 - 33155518
AN - SCOPUS:85097083971
VL - 9
SP - 2515
EP - 2525
JO - Emerging Microbes and Infections
JF - Emerging Microbes and Infections
SN - 2222-1751
IS - 1
ER -