TY - JOUR
T1 - A novel host-adapted strain of Salmonella Typhimurium causes renal disease in olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Pacific
AU - Work, Thierry M.
AU - Dagenais, Julie
AU - Stacy, Brian A.
AU - Ladner, Jason T.
AU - Lorch, Jeffrey M.
AU - Balazs, George H.
AU - Barquero-Calvo, Elías
AU - Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M.
AU - Breeden, Renee
AU - Corrales-Gómez, Natalia
AU - Gonzalez-Barrientos, Rocio
AU - Harris, Heather S.
AU - Hernández-Mora, Gabriela
AU - Herrera-Ulloa, Ángel
AU - Hesami, Shoreh
AU - Jones, T. Todd
AU - Morales, Juan Alberto
AU - Norton, Terry M.
AU - Rameyer, Robert A.
AU - Taylor, Daniel R.
AU - Waltzek, Thomas B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Krystal Sheridan, Kim Celona and Heidie Hornstra O’Neil for help with next-generation sequencing preps. Rebecca Richardson and staff of the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Microbiology Laboratory assisted with Salmonella isolation. Carlos Mario Orrego and Isabel Contreras kindly provided tissues from Costa Rica and El Salvador, respectively. We thank, the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Bacteriology and Pathology Laboratory for serotyping of isolates, participants in all of the respective stranding networks for documentation and collection of sea turtles and samples including Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland State University, The Marine Mammal Center, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA longline fishery observer program for coordinating submittal of pelagic longline turtles for necropsy. Disney Conservation Fund partially funded some of this work. The work at NAU was funded under the State of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Fund (TRIF), administered by the Arizona Board of Regents, through Northern Arizona University. John Maurer and Sonya Hernandez provided constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Mention of products and trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Salmonella spp. are frequently shed by wildlife including turtles, but S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium or lesions associated with Salmonella are rare in turtles. Between 1996 and 2016, we necropsied 127 apparently healthy pelagic olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) that died from drowning bycatch in fisheries and 44 live or freshly dead stranded turtles from the west coast of North and Central America and Hawaii. Seven percent (9/127) of pelagic and 47% (21/44) of stranded turtles had renal granulomas associated with S. Typhimurium. Stranded animals were 12 times more likely than pelagic animals to have Salmonella-induced nephritis suggesting that Salmonella may have been a contributing cause of stranding. S. Typhimurium was the only Salmonella serovar detected in L. olivacea, and phylogenetic analysis from whole genome sequencing showed that the isolates from L. olivacea formed a single clade distinct from other S. Typhimurium. Molecular clock analysis revealed that this novel clade may have originated as recently as a few decades ago. The phylogenetic lineage leading to this group is enriched for non-synonymous changes within the genomic area of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 suggesting that these genes are important for host adaptation.
AB - Salmonella spp. are frequently shed by wildlife including turtles, but S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium or lesions associated with Salmonella are rare in turtles. Between 1996 and 2016, we necropsied 127 apparently healthy pelagic olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) that died from drowning bycatch in fisheries and 44 live or freshly dead stranded turtles from the west coast of North and Central America and Hawaii. Seven percent (9/127) of pelagic and 47% (21/44) of stranded turtles had renal granulomas associated with S. Typhimurium. Stranded animals were 12 times more likely than pelagic animals to have Salmonella-induced nephritis suggesting that Salmonella may have been a contributing cause of stranding. S. Typhimurium was the only Salmonella serovar detected in L. olivacea, and phylogenetic analysis from whole genome sequencing showed that the isolates from L. olivacea formed a single clade distinct from other S. Typhimurium. Molecular clock analysis revealed that this novel clade may have originated as recently as a few decades ago. The phylogenetic lineage leading to this group is enriched for non-synonymous changes within the genomic area of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 suggesting that these genes are important for host adaptation.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41598-019-45752-5
DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-45752-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 31249336
AN - SCOPUS:85068067527
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 9
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 9313
ER -