@article{d4add7594c36430f88a76cc4cd8e1e7d,
title = "A bacterial index to estimate lake trophic level: National scale validation",
abstract = "Lakes and their catchments have been subjected to centuries to millennia of exploitation by humans. Efficient monitoring methods are required to promote proactive protection and management. Traditional monitoring is time consuming and expensive, which limits the number of lakes monitored. Lake surface sediments provide a temporally integrated representation of environmental conditions and contain high microbial biomass. Based on these attributes, we hypothesized that bacteria associated with lake trophic states could be identified and used to develop an index that would not be confounded by non-nutrient stressor gradients. Metabarcoding (16S rRNA gene) was used to assess bacterial communities present in surface sediments from 259 non-saline lakes in New Zealand encompassing a range of trophic states from alpine microtrophic lakes to lowland hypertrophic lakes. A subset of lakes (n = 96) with monitoring data was used to identify indicator amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with different trophic states. A total of 10,888 indicator taxa were identified and used to develop a Sediment Bacterial Trophic Index (SBTI), which signficantly correlated (r2 = 0.842, P < 0.001) with the Trophic Lake Index. The SBTI was then derived for the remaining 163 lakes, providing new knowledge of the trophic state of these unmonitored lakes. This new, robust DNA-based tool provides a rapid and cost-effective method that will allow a greater number of lakes to be monitored and more effectively managed in New Zealand and globally. The SBTI could also be applied in a paleolimnological context to investigate changes in trophic status over centuries to millennia.",
keywords = "Bacteria, Biomonitoring, Environmental DNA, Metabarcoding-based index, Trophic state",
author = "Pearman, {John K.} and Wood, {Susanna A.} and Vandergoes, {Marcus J.} and Javier Atalah and Sean Waters and Janet Adamson and Georgia Thomson-Laing and Lucy Thompson and Howarth, {Jamie D.} and Hamilton, {David P.} and Xavier Pochon and Laura Biessy and Brasell, {Katie A.} and Jenny Dahl and Riki Ellison and Fitzsimons, {Sean J.} and Henry Gard and Tania Gerrard and Rose Gregersen and McKayla Holloway and Xun Li and Kelly, {David J.} and Reece Martin and Kiely McFarlane and McKay, {Nicholas P.} and Adelaine Moody and Moy, {Chris M.} and Sebastian Naeher and Rewi Newnham and Russleigh Parai and Ma{\"i}lys Picard and Jonathan Puddick and Rees, {Andrew B.H.} and Lizette Reyes and Marc Schallenberg and Claire Shepherd and Julia Short and Simon, {Kevin S.} and Konstanze Steiner and Charlotte {\v S}unde and Marianna Terezow and John Tibby",
note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment research programme - Our lakes' health: past, present, future (Lakes380; C05X1707) and the Strategic Science Investment Funding to GNS Science in the framework of the Global Change Through Time research programme (C05X1702). The bacterial index development was facilitated through additional support from Cawthron Internal Investment Fund (2015–2020). We thank all members of the Lakes380 team for field assistance (www.lakes380.com/about-the-project/the-team). We thank Sophie Young and Eloise Beattie (Cawthron) for laboratory assistance. Lisa Floerl (Cawthron) is thanked for preparing Fig. 3 and Jacqui Stuart (Cawthron) for creating the graphical abstract. We thank Robyn Jones from {\textquoteleft}Friends of Mangarakau{\textquoteright} for assistance with sampling Lake Mangarakau. We acknowledge the support of New Zealand regional authorities that provided data and permission to use it and assisted with access to the sampling sites: Northland Regional Council, Auckland Council, Waikato Regional Council, Bay of Plenty Regional Council, Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Taranaki District Council, Horizon Regional Council, Greater Wellington Regional Council, Marlborough District Council, Tasman District Council, West Coast Regional Council, Environment Canterbury, Otago Regional Council and Environment Southland. The authors thank iwi and landowners across the country for their assistance with sampling, accessing sites and guidance throughout this work. The Department of Conversation is acknowledged for assistance with permitting. We would like the thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critique and improvements to the manuscript. Funding Information: This research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment research programme - Our lakes' health: past, present, future (Lakes380; C05X1707 ) and the Strategic Science Investment Funding to GNS Science in the framework of the Global Change Through Time research programme ( C05X1702 ). The bacterial index development was facilitated through additional support from Cawthron Internal Investment Fund (2015–2020). We thank all members of the Lakes380 team for field assistance ( www.lakes380.com/about-the-project/the-team ). We thank Sophie Young and Eloise Beattie (Cawthron) for laboratory assistance. Lisa Floerl (Cawthron) is thanked for preparing Fig. 3 and Jacqui Stuart (Cawthron) for creating the graphical abstract. We thank Robyn Jones from {\textquoteleft}Friends of Mangarakau{\textquoteright} for assistance with sampling Lake Mangarakau. We acknowledge the support of New Zealand regional authorities that provided data and permission to use it and assisted with access to the sampling sites: Northland Regional Council, Auckland Council, Waikato Regional Council, Bay of Plenty Regional Council, Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Taranaki District Council, Horizon Regional Council, Greater Wellington Regional Council, Marlborough District Council, Tasman District Council, West Coast Regional Council, Environment Canterbury, Otago Regional Council and Environment Southland. The authors thank iwi and landowners across the country for their assistance with sampling, accessing sites and guidance throughout this work. The Department of Conversation is acknowledged for assistance with permitting. We would like the thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critique and improvements to the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152385",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "812",
journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
issn = "0048-9697",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}